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A Review of Biosensors; Definition, Classification, Properties, and Applications

     Biosensor is defined as a device that transforms the interactions between bioreceptors and analytes into a logical signal proportional to the reactants' concentration. Biosensors have different applications that aim primarily to detect diseases, medicines, food safety, the proportion of toxins in water, and other applications that ensure the safety and health of the organism. The main challenge of biosensors is represented in the difficulty of obtaining sensors with accuracy, specific sensitivity, and repeatability for each use of the patient so that they give reliable results. The rapid diversification in biosensors is due to the accuracy of the techniques and materials used in the manufacturing process and the interrelationships in scientific research between various disciplines, i.e., physics and biology, engineering and biology. This research aims to define biosensors in general, classify them and show their most important applications, with a brief description of their time development and the reason for their speared in all fields.

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Publication Date
Wed May 26 2021
Journal Name
Energies
Rotational Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: A Comprehensive Review on Excitation Elements, Designs, and Performances

Rotational Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (RPZTEH) is widely used due to mechanical rotational input power availability in industrial and natural environments. This paper reviews the recent studies and research in RPZTEH based on its excitation elements and design and their influence on performance. It presents different groups for comparison according to their mechanical inputs and applications, such as fluid (air or water) movement, human motion, rotational vehicle tires, and other rotational operational principal including gears. The work emphasises the discussion of different types of excitations elements, such as mass weight, magnetic force, gravity force, centrifugal force, gears teeth, and impact force, to show their effect

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 04 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Iraqi Breast Cancer: A Review on Patients' Demographic Characteristics and Clinico-Pathological Presentation.

Background: Breast Cancer is the commonest type of malignancy in Iraq. The Iraqi Cancer Registry displays an obvious trend for the disease to affect younger women with advanced stages at the time of presentation. This report presents a review on the main demographic characteristics and clinicopathological parameters in Iraqi patients diagnosed with breast cancer.
Patients & Methods: The study was carried out on 721 out of a total of 5044 patients (14.3%) who complained of palpable breast lumps that were diagnosed as cancer. The procedure for tumor nuclear DNA Ploidy assessment was performed by means of Image Cytometry. Immuno-cytochemical and  histochemical assays were applied for the determination of

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Using of Constructed Wetlands in The Treatment of Wastewater: A Review for Operation and Performance: Review for Using of Constructed Wetlands in The Treatment of Wastewater: Operation and Performance

Wastewater recycling for non-potable uses has gained significant attention to mitigate the high pressure on freshwater resources. This requires using a sustainable technique to treat natural municipal wastewater as an alternative to conventional methods, especially in arid and semi-arid rural areas. One of the promising techniques applied to satisfy the objective of wastewater reuse is the constructed wetlands (CWs) which have been used extensively in most countries worldwide through the last decades. The present study introduces a significant review of the definition, classification, and components of CWs, identifying the mechanisms controlling the removal process within such units. Vertical, horizontal, and hybrid CWs

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Proceedings Of The Eleventh International Network Conference (inc 2016)
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Yarmouk
Publication Date
Wed Nov 11 2020
Journal Name
Sys Rev Pharm
Recent Development In Oxine Complexes AndTheirMedical Application: A Review

This review is concluded of 8-Hydroxyquinline (8HQ) compound and derivatives which has a very significant interests with a strong fluorescence , furthermore the relationship between divalent metal ions and characteristic of chelating . In the same way coordinated features have increase of its organic action and inorganic behavior by giving many samples of compounds which are a good chelating agents ligands with more capable of forming very stable complexes.Therefore, the role of (8HQ) is not limited on complexes only but its applications in different fields so this review will focus on demonstration preparation methods and properties of (8HQ) derivatives with their complexes and applications, hopefully that we will cover a part of scientifi

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 29 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Fractal Image Compression Using Block Indexing Technique: A Review

Fractal image compression depends on representing an image using affine transformations. The main concern for researches in the discipline of fractal image compression (FIC) algorithm is to decrease encoding time needed to compress image data. The basic technique is that each portion of the image is similar to other portions of the same image. In this process, there are many models that were developed. The presence of fractals was initially noticed and handled using Iterated Function System (IFS); that is used for encoding images. In this paper, a review of fractal image compression is discussed with its variants along with other techniques. A summarized review of contributions is achieved to determine the fulfillment of fractal ima

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 06 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-qadisiyah For Computer Science And Mathematics
Pixel Based Techniques for Gray Image Compression: A review

Currently, with the huge increase in modern communication and network applications, the speed of transformation and storing data in compact forms are pressing issues. Daily an enormous amount of images are stored and shared among people every moment, especially in the social media realm, but unfortunately, even with these marvelous applications, the limited size of sent data is still the main restriction's, where essentially all these applications utilized the well-known Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard techniques, in the same way, the need for construction of universally accepted standard compression systems urgently required to play a key role in the immense revolution. This review is concerned with Different

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Methods for Removing Dyes from Polluted Water; A Review

Most of the water pollutants with dyes are leftovers from industries, including textiles, wool and others. There are many ways to remove dyes such as sorption, oxidation, coagulation, filtration, and biodegradation, Chlorination, ozonation, chemical precipitation, adsorption, electrochemical processes, membrane approaches, and biological treatment are among the most widely used technologies for removing colors from wastewater. Dyes are divided into two types: natural dyes and synthetic dyes.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
A Review for Arabic Sentiment Analysis Using Deep Learning

     Sentiment Analysis is a research field that studies human opinion, sentiment, evaluation, and emotions towards entities such as products, services, organizations, events, topics, and their attributes. It is also a task of natural language processing. However, sentiment analysis research has mainly been carried out for the English language. Although the Arabic language is one of the most used languages on the Internet, only a few studies have focused on Arabic language sentiment analysis.

     In this paper, a review of the most important research works in the field of Arabic text sentiment analysis using deep learning algorithms is presented. This review illustrates the main steps used in these studies, which include

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