This research introduces a proposed hybrid Spam Filtering System (SFS) which consists of Ant Colony System (ACS), information gain (IG) and Naïve Bayesian (NB). The aim of the proposed hybrid spam filtering is to classify the e-mails with high accuracy. The hybrid spam filtering consists of three consequence stages. In the first stage, the information gain (IG) for each attributes (i.e. weight for each feature) is computed. Then, the Ant Colony System algorithm selects the best features that the most intrinsic correlated attributes in classification. Finally, the third stage is dedicated to classify the e-mail using Naïve Bayesian (NB) algorithm. The experiment is conducted on spambase dataset. The result shows that the accuracy of NB with IG-ACS is better than NB with IG only.
The aim of this paper is to present a new methodology to find the private key of RSA. A new initial value which is generated from a new equation is selected to speed up the process. In fact, after this value is found, brute force attack is chosen to discover the private key. In addition, for a proposed equation, the multiplier of Euler totient function to find both of the public key and the private key is assigned as 1. Then, it implies that an equation that estimates a new initial value is suitable for the small multiplier. The experimental results show that if all prime factors of the modulus are assigned larger than 3 and the multiplier is 1, the distance between an initial value and the private key
... Show MoreIn this paper reliable computational methods (RCMs) based on the monomial stan-dard polynomials have been executed to solve the problem of Jeffery-Hamel flow (JHF). In addition, convenient base functions, namely Bernoulli, Euler and Laguerre polynomials, have been used to enhance the reliability of the computational methods. Using such functions turns the problem into a set of solvable nonlinear algebraic system that MathematicaⓇ12 can solve. The JHF problem has been solved with the help of Improved Reliable Computational Methods (I-RCMs), and a review of the methods has been given. Also, published facts are used to make comparisons. As further evidence of the accuracy and dependability of the proposed methods, the maximum error remainder
... Show MoreThis paper analysed the effect of electronic internal auditing (EIA) based on the Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT) framework. Organisations must implement an up-to-date accounting information system (AIS) capable of meeting their auditing requirements. Electronic audit risk (compliance assessment, control assurance, and risk assessment) is a development by Weidenmier and Ramamoorti (2006) to improve AIS. In order to fulfil the study’s objectives, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a sample comprising 120 employees. The employees were financial managers, internal auditors, and workers involved in the company’s information security departments in the General Company for Electricity D
... Show MoreTraffic management at road intersections is a complex requirement that has been an important topic of research and discussion. Solutions have been primarily focused on using vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Key issues in VANETs are high mobility, restriction of road setup, frequent topology variations, failed network links, and timely communication of data, which make the routing of packets to a particular destination problematic. To address these issues, a new dependable routing algorithm is proposed, which utilizes a wireless communication system between vehicles in urban vehicular networks. This routing is position-based, known as the maximum distance on-demand routing algorithm (MDORA). It aims to find an optimal route on a hop-by-ho
... Show MoreOptimizing the Access Point (AP) deployment has a great role in wireless applications due to the need for providing an efficient communication with low deployment costs. Quality of Service (QoS), is a major significant parameter and objective to be considered along with AP placement as well the overall deployment cost. This study proposes and investigates a multi-level optimization algorithm called Wireless Optimization Algorithm for Indoor Placement (WOAIP) based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). WOAIP aims to obtain the optimum AP multi-floor placement with effective coverage that makes it more capable of supporting QoS and cost-effectiveness. Five pairs (coverage, AP deployment) of weights, signal thresholds and received s
... Show MoreIn this work, a chemical optical fiber sensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was designed and implemented using plastic optical fiber. The sensor is used for estimating refractive indices and concentrations of various chemical materials (methanol, distilled water, ethanol, kerosene) as well as for evaluating the performance parameters such as sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, resolution and the figure of merit of the fabricated sensor. It was found that the value of the sensitivity of the optical fiber-based SPR sensor, with 40 nm thick and 10 mm long Au metal film of exposed sensing region, was 3μm/RIU, while the SNR was 0.24, the figure of merit was 20, and the resolution was 0.00066. The sort of optical fiber utilized i
... Show MoreDrought is a complex phenomenon that has severe impacts on the environment. Vegetation and its conditions are very sensitive to drought effects. This study aimed to monitor and assess the drought severity and its relationships to some ecological variables in ten districts of Erbil Governorate (Kurdistan Region), Iraq, throughout 20 years (1998-2017). The results revealed that droughts frequently hit Erbil throughout the study period. The Landsat time-series- based on Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) significantly correlated with precipitation, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and latitude. Extreme VCI-based drought area percentages were recorded in 1999, 2000, 2008, and 2011 by 43.4%, 67.9%, 43.3%, and 40.0%, respe
... Show MoreEach school of Islamic jurisprudence has principles and rules upon which the diligent work in these schools is based. This is due to the view of sanctification of these rulings, as they are divine rulings. Therefore, the goal is to reach a ruling that represents the intent of the legislator as much as possible.
Hence, these schools of thought established rules for issuing fatwas with the intention of restricting the performance of a fatwa to the hands of those who are qualified for it and have met its conditions, so they gave priority to the most knowledgeable person over others to perform the fatwa. In the Hanafi school of thought, for example, the saying of Imam Abu Hanifa (may God have mercy on him) is given precedence over others,