In any natural area or water body, evapotranspiration is one of the important outcomes in the water balance equation. As a significant method and depending on monthly average temperature, estimating of potential Evapotranspiration depending on Thornthwaite method was adopted in this research review. Estimate and discuss evapotranspiration by using Thornthwaite method is the main objectives of this research review with considerable details as well as compute potential evapotranspiration based on climatologically data obtained in Iraq. Temperature - evapotranspiration relationship can be estimated between those two parameters to reduce cost and time and facilitate calculation of water balance in lakes, river, and hydrogeological basins. The relationship was obtained using Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area into seven sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where thirty two stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of determination. The mean temperature has a decreasing pattern from southern east towards northern west of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while corrected potential evapotranspiration has the opposite direction regarding increased value because of a direct relationship with temperature.
A seasonal study of periphytic algae attached to the surface of river boats was conducted in Tigris river in Al Aadhamiya site for the period from October 2016 to May 2017. A total of 107 taxa of periphytic algae were identified belonging to the four classes of algae. The periphytic algae community dominated by Bacillariophyceae was (60.7%) followed by Chlorophyceae (20.5%) and Cyanophyceae (17.7%) Chrysophyceae was constituted (0.9%) of the total number. During the whole period of study filamentous taxa such as Oscillatoria amphibian, Phormidium spp., Spirulinagigantean, Cladophoreglomerata and Melosira roeseana remained the dominant colonizer which may be reflect the ability of this species to grow multiplies under different environmental
... Show More4-chloro and 4- nitro substituted phenol and aniline incorporated to a carboxylic group of naproxen a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to increase bulkiness were synthesized for evaluation as a potential anti-inflammatory agents with expected COX-2 selectivity. In vivo acute anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds (I-IV) was evaluated in rats using egg-white induced edema model of inflammation in a dose equivalent to (2.5 mg/Kg) of naproxen. All tested compounds produced a significant reduction in paw edema with respect to the effect of propylene glycol 50% v/v (control group). Moreover, compounds I and IV might show higher effect comparable to that of naproxen and to that of compounds II & III whic
... Show MoreAn optimization calculation is made to find the optimum properties of combined quadrupole lens which consists of electrostatic and magnetic lens. Both chromatic and spherical aberration coefficients are reduced to minimum values and the achromatic aberration is found for many cases. These calculations are achieved with the aid of transfer matrices method and using rectangular model of field distribution, where the path of charged-particles beam traversing the field has been determined by solving the trajectory equation of motion and then the optical properties for lens have been computed with the aid of the beam trajectory along the lens axis. The computations have been concentrated on determining the chromatic and spher
... Show MoreReceipt date:12/7/2020 accepted date:24/1/2021 Publication date:31/12/2021
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The constant characteristic of international relations is the constant change due to political, economic and military developments in addition to technology, and this in turn has led to many transformations in the concept of power, its uses, and the elements that form power and its distribution, and according to those variables, the concept of power has shifted from hard to soft, up to smart powe
... Show MoreThe rapid developmemt of information technology and its use in all fields has a bositive influence on all fields , and financial markets have a share of this development through the use of an electronic trading system to settle transactions and enhance transparency and disclosure in all activities of these markets and stimulate their performance .
It is worth nothing that these revolutions remove the necessity for nonstop connection with persons through the internet or phone networks , novel knowledge decreases the charges of structure original transaction system and reducing the fences of new participants entry .
The development in transportations expertise allows for quicker or
... Show MoreBackground: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease that is characterized by severe synovial inflammation, cartilage erosion, bone loss, and generalized vasculopathy. Although the immunologic mechanism of RA is still unclear, it is now thought to be a primarily Th17-driven disease. Along with other factors, IL-23 stimulates the expansion of Th17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells.
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-23 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and determine the correlation between plasma/serum IL-23 levels and disease activity. So, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis comparing
... Show MoreIn the present work, we use the Adomian Decomposition method to find the approximate solution for some cases of the Newell whitehead segel nonlinear differential equation which was solved previously with exact solution by the Homotopy perturbation and the Iteration methods, then we compared the results.
In this paper, the asymptotic behavior of all solutions of impulsive neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients and with impulsive integral term was investigated. Some sufficient conditions were obtained to ensure that all nonoscillatory solutions converge to zero. Illustrative examples were given for the main results.