Setting-up a 3D geological model both from field and subsurface data is a typical task in geological studies involving natural resource evaluation and hazard assessment. In this study a 3D geological model for Mishrif Formation in Garraf oil field has been set-up using Petrel software. Mishrif Formation represents the most important reservoir in Garraf oil field. Four vertical oil wells (GA-4, GA-A1P, GA-3 and GA-5) and one directional well (GA-B8P) were selected in Garraf Oil Field in order to set-up structural and petrophysical (porosity and water saturation) models represented by a 3D static geological model in three dimensions. Structural model shows that Garraf oil field represents a domal structure that shows continuous growth as indicated by the structural maps at top of reservoir units. The structural closure is shifted from GA-3 well to GA-A1P well. Mishrif Formation was divided into ten zones (top Mishrif, M1, M1.2, M2, L1, L1.2, L2, L2.2, L2.3 and L2.4.). Petrophysical model (porosity and water saturation) for Mishrif Formation was set-up from values of porosity and water saturation using Sequential Gaussian Simulation algorithm. According to data analyses and the results from modeling the units (M1.2, L1 and L1.2) are considered as high quality reservoir units due to the high PHIE and low water saturation. Units (L2, L2.2, L2.3 and L2.4) are considered as poor reservoirs because of low PHIE and high water saturation, and non-reservoir units include (Top Mishrif, M1 and M2) therefore, they represent cap units. Cross sections of petrophysical model were conducted to illustrate the vertical and horizontal distribution of porosity and water saturation between wells in the field.
The aim of this study is to the evaluation of the general hydrogeology condition of the Al-Khassa sub-basin area. Pumping test has been done for five wells in the area. The hydrogeological characteristics (transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient) were determined in the area by input data which obtained from the pumping test process into the (AquiferWin32, Version 5) software program. The data were analyzed using Copper-Jacob, Theis and Hantuosh methods for pumping, the values of hydraulic characteristics range from: transmissivity (0.98 to 19.57) m²/day in (W7-W9-W10-W12) sites and 416 m²/day in W1, hydraulic conductivity (0.051 to 0.305) m/day in (W7-W9-W10-W12) sites and 5.012 m/day in W1, storage coefficie
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In project management process, the objective is to define and develop a model for planning, scheduling, controlling, and monitoring different activities of a particular project. Time scheduling plays an important role in successful implementation of various activities and general outcome of project. In practice, various factors cause projects to suffer from time delay in accomplishing the activities. One important reason is imprecise knowledge about time duration of activities. This study addresses the problem of project scheduling in uncertain resource environments, which are defined by uncertain activity durations. The study presents a solution of the levelling and allocation problems for projects that have some uncertain ac
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On-site pit is the most common option that may be used to dispose drilling wastes. The contents of these pits vary, depending on the lithology of formations drilled and the drilling mud ,and different chemical additives.
Eighty samples of mud (sludge) and eighty samples of water have been collected from ten pits of two Iraqi oilfields(North Rumaila and South Rumaila/southern Iraq) and were chemically analyzed for metals Cr, Pb,As, Zn, Fe, Mn,K , Na,Ba, Ca, Mg,SO4=,and Cl- in order to determine the quality and quantity content of studied reserve pits
Inefficient equipment, using toxic materials for various drilling processes, absence of regulations for the design and monitoring of pit during and after drilling operation, and leaking
The depth conversion process is a significant task in seismic interpretation to establish the link between the seismic data in the time domain and the drilled wells in the depth domain. To promote the exploration and development of the Subba oilfield, more accurate depth conversion is required. In this paper, three approaches of depth conversions: Models 1, 2, and 3 are applied from the simplest to the most complex on Nahr Umr Reservoir in Suba oilfield. This is to obtain the best approach, giving less mistakes with the actual depth at well locations and good inter/extrapolation between or away from well controls. The results of these approaches, together with the uncertainty analysis provide a reliable velocity model
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Project management are still depending on manual exchange of information based on paper documents. Where design drawings drafting by computer-aided design (CAD), but the data needed by project management software can not be extracted directly from CAD, and must be manually entered by the user. The process of calculation and collection of information from drawings and enter in the project management software needs effort and time with the possibility of errors in the transfer and enter of information. This research presents an integrated computer system for building projects where the extraction and import quantities, through the interpretation of AutoCAD drawing with MS Access database of unit costs and productivities for the pricing and
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Malware represents one of the dangerous threats to computer security. Dynamic analysis has difficulties in detecting unknown malware. This paper developed an integrated multi – layer detection approach to provide more accuracy in detecting malware. User interface integrated with Virus Total was designed as a first layer which represented a warning system for malware infection, Malware data base within malware samples as a second layer, Cuckoo as a third layer, Bull guard as a fourth layer and IDA pro as a fifth layer. The results showed that the use of fifth layers was better than the use of a single detector without merging. For example, the efficiency of the proposed approach is 100% compared with 18% and 63% of Virus Total and Bel
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The Tel Hajar formation in the studied area has been divided into five microfacics units:
1) Fine hiogenic dolomite facies.
2) Sandy rich dolomite facies.
3) Dolomite diagenetic facies.
4) Recrystal1ized wackestone in microfacies.
5) Mudsione facies.
Microfacics reflect shallow marine water with open Circulation in the lower part of the formation and the environment of the upper is enclosed between upper tide and tide. The most important diagenesis was recrystallization and spary calcite deposit inside fossils chambers and pores.
The distributions of rivers, back swamps, delta, and ancient marine shore line of Southern Mesopotamia during Late Pleistocene – Holocene have been studied depending on the ostracoda and foraminifera assemblages as ecological indicators to determine the ecofacies and paleosalinities, which diagnose different depositional environments. The data are collected from 86 boreholes (including 12 deep boreholes), covering almost the entire Southern Mesopotamia.
Rates of sedimentation are calculated and corrected for compaction in this study, relative to previously measured C14 dating by some authors, for the marine and non- marine (Ur Flood) deposits.
Those rates of sedimentation found in this study are varies from a borehole to another,
A morphotectonic analysis is conducted on Shatt Al-Arab drainage basin. This study aims to analysis of the river patterns of Shatt Al-Arab channel and their relationship with the development of subsurface geological structures and the neotectonic activity, as well as an attempt to determine the relative amount to this activity.
Transverse river profile analysis is derived quantifiable and comparable parameters such as neotectonic index (Eh*Ln), Eh, Ch, and Bs. These parameters are useful to detect the morphotectonic indicators of Shatt Al-Arab basin. The analysis showed the role of the subsurface structures that affecting the river cross sections shape, through channel incision, as in (Dair and NuhrUmr) cross sections, while in the ot
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