This study was aimed to detect and identify genetic mutations in γ-aminobutyric acid receptor β3 subunit encoding gene (GABRB3) and its association with autism spectrum disorders. Forty autistic patients and 25 non-autistic as control group (5 unaffected sibling and 20 unrelated) with age range from 3 – 10 years were included in this study. Chromosomal DNA was extracted from blood samples followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of two targeted regions which include: (exon2-intron2-exon3) region and (exon 6) region of GABRB3 for subsequent DNA sequencing. Identical bands related to the targeted regions were present in all samples. A sample of PCR products of patients and controls were sequenced. Sequencing results revealed the presence of four different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in four autistic patients (one SNP in exon2, two SNPs in intron 1 and one SNP in the beginning of intron 3) while four different autistic samples and three from control group had no mutations along this region. Exon 6 showed 100 % sequence identity in all samples (seven autistic and three from control group). The translation of nucleotides sequences into amino acid sequence revealed that the SNP in exon 2 caused a change of amino acid in the polypeptide sequence by changing the codon (AGA) which codes for arginine to (AAA) which codes for lysine. The online software tool, RaptorX was used for the prediction of the three dimensional structure of the polypeptides in which exon 2 carrying one SNP (30 a.a.) showed that 5 (16%) positions predicted as disordered, while the structure prediction of polypeptide translated from exon 3 was not obtained due to its small length (22 a.a.). Structure prediction of polypeptide of exon 6 (46 a.a.) showed that (0%) positions predicted as disordered, considering its lack of mutations. These results suggest the association of the detected SNPs with autism, especially the SNP located in exon 2 considering that it changed the polypeptide three dimensional structure, thus it could possibly alter its function. All SNPs are reported for the first time in this study except the one in intron 3 (rs755863611) which was previously reported.
Background: Thyroid operation needs very meticulous haemostasis to have minimal morbidity and mortality.
Objectives: Assessment of harmonic knife in open thyroid surgery as anew haemostatic procedure .
Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: This study had been conducted at Alkindy teaching hospital in Baghdad city from the 1st of May 2013 to the 1st of January 2017 on 229 goiterous patients who needs thyroidectomy(36 males,193 females),divided in 2 groups according to the haemostatic procedure used during their operations, Group A (15 males,85females)using the usual conventional surgery(
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Zusammenfassung
Die Rache ist also ein effizientes, ausgiebiges Thema, das man in der Dramatik, in der Lyrik und auch in der Epik als Theaterzuschauer oder als Leser voller Spannung verfolgt.
Wenn man solch ein Thema verfolgt, wird man stark beeinflusst. Der Leser bzw. Zuschauer bleibt nicht isoliert vom Geschehen und wird innerlich unweigerlich zur Äußerung seiner Meinung gedrängt, gleich ob er sich nun für oder gegen das Verhalten der Gestalten solch eines Werkes stellt. Im Zuge meiner Forschungsarbeit mit diesen auserwählten Werken, in der ich das Thema „Rache“ behandelt habe, bin ich zu dem Resultat gekommen, dass die rächende Person ein bitteres Ende nimmt und ein dunkles Schicksal hat, ind
... Show MoreGreenhouses are provide that produce of vegetable in non times seasons production by controlling the various environmental factors that appropriate atmosphere in temperature and humidity for the growth of plants in the plastic houses and owner plastic.
The objective of this research is to study of the most important natural and human factors affecting the Greenhouses in the province of Baghdad and study geographic distribution for the Greenhouses in the province.
Some properties on curriculum geographical descriptive analytical that used in describe and analysis of data and information that could be available from Directorate of agriculture in Baghdad to 2014. As it turns out that district of Mahmudiya acquired (45.3%) of the total
Back ground: In Iraq, after 2003 had more
accidents of the shell, bullet and stab abdominal
wounds, more over colon injuries.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate
the most appropriate management of penetrating
colon injuries, comparing the primary repair with
the diversion.
Methods: Eighty patient series with shell, bullet
and stab colonic injuries during 4.5 years period
from June 2006-december 2010 at Al-Yarmouk
teaching hospital. The study compared the use of
primary repair versus diversion, analyzing
variables such as sex, age, severity of injury and
mortality rate.
Results: there were total 80 patients ,62 (77.5%)
male and 18(22.5%) female .male :female ratio
3.4:1. the most
The present study aimed to shed light on the urine HSP70 concentration of patients with urinary bladder carcinoma UBC and control subjects as new urinary biomarker. The second aim was to associate this protein concentration with UBC stage and grade in patients with UBC. A direct ELISA was used to quantify urine HSP concentrations in 58 patients with urinary bladder carcinoma UBC with different grades (G) and stages (T) all malignant of them was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) type , 15 from patients with urinary Bladder disorders other than cancer UBD and 15 healthy subjects(control) . Urine concentrations of HSP70 were elevated in patients with UBC compared to those without UBC (healthy and UBD, P< 0.5). There was a high signifi
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In general, researchers and statisticians in particular have been usually used non-parametric regression models when the parametric methods failed to fulfillment their aim to analyze the models precisely. In this case the parametic methods are useless so they turn to non-parametric methods for its easiness in programming. Non-parametric methods can also used to assume the parametric regression model for subsequent use. Moreover, as an advantage of using non-parametric methods is to solve the problem of Multi-Colinearity between explanatory variables combined with nonlinear data. This problem can be solved by using kernel ridge regression which depend o
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The Civil Rights era has been an era of struggle for the African American in the
Unites states. Thus, many writers devoted their writing to reflect the racism and
discrimination that many have suffered from, among them is Ralph Ellison.
Ralph Ellison is a 20th century African-American writer and scholar best known for
his renowned, award-winning novel Invisible Man. He illustrates the powerful
social and political forces that conspire to keep black Americans in their place,
denying them the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness guaranteed to all
Americans. Invisible Man is a 1952 novel that addresses many of the social and intellectual
issues facing African-Americans in the twentieth century. It exa
The research aims to reveal the recent trends used in providing information and to know the persuasive methods used in designing the content of the infographic as well as the nature of persuasive design methods and the topics presented by the infographic in the research sample. The researcher used the survey method, specifically the survey, by using the content analysis method to analyze the infographic material from the sample selected from the press and news sites that are the subject of the research, based on the method of what was said? How was it said? The researcher relied on the intentional sample, and this sample depends on the researcher selecting the vocabulary of the sample based on experiences and evaluating the c
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti mitotic activity of ether extract prepared from Datura stramoium plant on cancer cells. Recently oncology studies are directed toward substances which act somehow to induce apoptosis or to prevent abnormal dividing of cell, that may provide therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. Thus, many research on various types of plants such as fruits, vegetables, other editable plants and toxic plants have been done in vitro and in vivo. But, few studies on Datura plant were occurred and there was no previous study dealing with its effect on proliferative activity of cancer cells. In current study, two types of common malignant tumor were tested in vitro. These were mamm
... Show MoreThe organization and coordination of any communication is based on the system of turn-taking which refers to the process by which a participant in a conversation takes the role of speaker. The progression of any conversation is achieved by the change of roles between speaker and hearer which, in its turn, represents the heart of the turn-taking system. The turn-taking system is not a random process but it is a highly organized process governed by a set of rules. Thus, this system has certain features and rules which exist in any English communicative process. These rules, if applied by speakers, help to achieve successful exchange of turns in any conversation. This paper attempts to present full exposition of the concepts of conversation
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