The aim of the current study was to optimize different cultural and environmental conditions for production the antibacterial bioactive metabolites by Streptomyces rochei M78 isolated from agriculture soil, in Baghdad, Iraq. The effect of various parameters such as, culture media, incubation time, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources, C: N ratios and inducers on antibacterial metabolite production was studied by varying single parameter at a time. It was found from the results that higher metabolite production by isolate observed using starch casein broth (SCB) as the best production medium, at initial pH 7.0.Starch andcasein +yeast extract + peptone appeared to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively and C: N ratio of 4: 1 after 72 h of incubation for optimal production of antibacterial metabolites.Optimization studies indicated that antibacterial metabolites production was associated with bacterial growth, and that the presence of inducers, such asedible oils and diesel oil as well as amino acids in the medium also enhanced antibacterial metabolites production.The most bioactive compounds were produced with soybean oil as the sole carbon source, and leucine as amino acid, yielding an inhibition zone more than 35 mm against all tested pathogenic bacteria.Among different solvents used for the extraction of antibacterial metabolite, ethyl acetate was found to be the best for solvent extraction of the metabolites yielding 2.18 g /l of red to brown extract with oily nature. The antibacterial activity of different extraction fractions of the metabolites showed that the ethyl acetate extract was the most active agent against tested pathogenic bacteria.Physiochemical characteristic of antimicrobial metabolites revealed that the antimicrobial metabolite was red to brown in color, having gummy and oily nature. The purified metabolite was soluble in different solvents, with a melting point of 150 °C. The metabolites of isolate M78 were stable at pH that varies from 4 – 11, maximum antibacterial activity was found at pH 7 and at temperatures ranging from 25 to 100 °C, maximum at 25 °C. Higher bactericidal concentration (BC) of the compound against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was determined as 250 μg/ml. The results showed that MBC values of the active metabolite had an impact at lower concentrations than those of standard antibiotic against tested pathogenic bacteria, suggesting that the metabolite was more effective.Theminimum inhibitory concentration value of compounds was 500 μg/ml against all tested bacterial isolates. Thin layer chromatography analysis of active metabolites showed two spots having an Rf value = 0.72 and 0.80.The FTIR spectrum of antibacterial compounds exhibited the presence of OH, C=O functional ester group, and C-H and CH3 groups in the structure. GC-MS analysis of active metabolites detected a total of 23 peaks; two major hydroxylated fatty acids were then identified as octadecanoic acid, 2-(2-hydroxy ethoxy) ethyl ester and tridecanoic acid, 3 methyl-, methyl ester with relative abundance of 100 and 33.63 % respectively.
Social Aspects in the Kingdom of Mali Through Ibn Battuta's book Tuhfat Alnuddar in Garaeb Al Amsar Wa Ajaeb Al Asfar
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Design and build a center basins new p-type four mirrors were studied its effect on all parameters evaluating the performance of the solar cell silicon in the absence of a cooling system is switched on and noted that the efficiency of the performance Hzzh cell increased from 11.94 to 21 without cooling either with cooling has increased the efficiency of the
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow (spongy tissue in the center of bone). In ALL, too many bone marrow stem cells develop into a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. These abnormal lymphocytes are not able to fight infection very well. The aim of this study was to investigate possible links between E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2 [NSMCE2] and increase DNA damage in the childhood patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Laboratory investigations including hemoglobin(Hb) ,white blood cell (WBC) , serum total protein , albumin ,globulin , in addition to serum total antioxidant activity (TAA) , Advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) and E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2[NSMCE2]. Blood samples
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The tax is one of the elements of the general revenues of the state and contributes to covering its expenses. Taxes are imposed in most countries of the world. The tax proceeds depend on a set of factors that contribute either positively or negatively to the tax share by increasing or decreasing it. Therefore, the research aims to demonstrate the role of the tax examiner's procedures in achieving the validity of the taxable base and its reflection on the tax proceeds, as well as reviewing the tax examiner's procedures related to the tax return process. Examination and tax audit of the financial statements, as well as presenting the financial statements to an independent and i
... Show MoreThe 2-D Resistivity imaging survey conducted within the desert area to meet the region's need of groundwater, due to the absence of any surface water, in addition, there are no any geophysical studies carried out previously. Ten point survey was performed to study the ground water aquifers in the southwest of Samawah city, Iraq. The length of the survey line in each point survey is 1200 meters by using 120 electrodes with 10 meters electrode spacing by applying Wenner-Schlumberger array. There are three main resistivity zones in the study area. The first resistivity zone ranging between 2.00-10.1 ohm.m, locate at shallow depth, represented Quaternary deposits. The second resistivity zone ranging between 22.8-51.3 ohm.m, it represents bea
... Show MoreThe Atoms in Molecules (AIM) analysis for triosmium cluster, which contains trihydridede, carbon, carbonyl and 2-methylbenzothiazolide ligands, [Os3(µ-H)3(µ3-ɳ2-CC7H3(2-CH3)NS)(CO)8] is reported. Bonding features in this cluster has been analyzed based on QTAIM ("Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules") in this work. The topological indices derived from electron density of relevant interactions in triosmium compound have been studied. The major interesting point of the AIM analyses is that the core of part (Os3H3) reveals the absence of any critical points and bond paths connecting any pairs of O
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The study aimed to know the degree to which Islamic education teachers employ the strategy of directed discovery in teaching to develop higher thinking skills (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation) among sixth-grade students at the basic stage in East Nile Province, Khartoum State - Sudan. The researcher used the descriptive-analytical method, and adopted a questionnaire that consisted of (15) indicators representing the skills of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation as a tool of the study. A random sample of (175) Islamic education teachers was selected, from the Department of Basic Education. The data were analyzed according to the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, and the results of the study have shown that the u
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On Saturday, May 13, 2023, a glorious day was engraved in the history of Al-Kindy College Medical Journal as it is the day of indexing the journal in the Scopus Database Journals. The journal has paced a strenuous journey to make that achievement.