The aim of the current study was to optimize different cultural and environmental conditions for production the antibacterial bioactive metabolites by Streptomyces rochei M78 isolated from agriculture soil, in Baghdad, Iraq. The effect of various parameters such as, culture media, incubation time, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources, C: N ratios and inducers on antibacterial metabolite production was studied by varying single parameter at a time. It was found from the results that higher metabolite production by isolate observed using starch casein broth (SCB) as the best production medium, at initial pH 7.0.Starch andcasein +yeast extract + peptone appeared to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively and C: N ratio of 4: 1 after 72 h of incubation for optimal production of antibacterial metabolites.Optimization studies indicated that antibacterial metabolites production was associated with bacterial growth, and that the presence of inducers, such asedible oils and diesel oil as well as amino acids in the medium also enhanced antibacterial metabolites production.The most bioactive compounds were produced with soybean oil as the sole carbon source, and leucine as amino acid, yielding an inhibition zone more than 35 mm against all tested pathogenic bacteria.Among different solvents used for the extraction of antibacterial metabolite, ethyl acetate was found to be the best for solvent extraction of the metabolites yielding 2.18 g /l of red to brown extract with oily nature. The antibacterial activity of different extraction fractions of the metabolites showed that the ethyl acetate extract was the most active agent against tested pathogenic bacteria.Physiochemical characteristic of antimicrobial metabolites revealed that the antimicrobial metabolite was red to brown in color, having gummy and oily nature. The purified metabolite was soluble in different solvents, with a melting point of 150 °C. The metabolites of isolate M78 were stable at pH that varies from 4 – 11, maximum antibacterial activity was found at pH 7 and at temperatures ranging from 25 to 100 °C, maximum at 25 °C. Higher bactericidal concentration (BC) of the compound against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was determined as 250 μg/ml. The results showed that MBC values of the active metabolite had an impact at lower concentrations than those of standard antibiotic against tested pathogenic bacteria, suggesting that the metabolite was more effective.Theminimum inhibitory concentration value of compounds was 500 μg/ml against all tested bacterial isolates. Thin layer chromatography analysis of active metabolites showed two spots having an Rf value = 0.72 and 0.80.The FTIR spectrum of antibacterial compounds exhibited the presence of OH, C=O functional ester group, and C-H and CH3 groups in the structure. GC-MS analysis of active metabolites detected a total of 23 peaks; two major hydroxylated fatty acids were then identified as octadecanoic acid, 2-(2-hydroxy ethoxy) ethyl ester and tridecanoic acid, 3 methyl-, methyl ester with relative abundance of 100 and 33.63 % respectively.
— In light of the pandemic that has swept the world, the use of e-learning in educational institutions has become an urgent necessity for continued knowledge communication with students. Educational institutions can benefit from the free tools that Google provide and from these applications, Google classroom which is characterized by ease of use, but the efficiency of using Google classroom is affected by several variables not studied in previous studies Clearly, this study aimed to identify the use of Google classroom as a system for managing e-learning and the factors affecting the performance of students and lecturer. The data of this study were collected from 219 members of the faculty and students at the College of Administra
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Literary translation is one of the most difficult types of translation ,because it conveys feelings that differ from one person to another, and since the language constitutes an obstacle to understanding the Andalusian excerpts, the translators resorted to translating it, and this was a second start to the text, different from its first start, is said from the tongue of the Al-washah , The muwashshah is a poetic art that appeared in Andalusia after the Arabs entered it ,characterized by special system It differs from the traditional Arabic poem, as it has a beginning represented in the beginning of the muwashshah and several equal parts ending with differentrhymes.
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BACKGROUND: The humeral shaft fractures have a good rate of union, despite this fact, still there is a significant rate of nonunion after nonoperative treatment and more often after operative treatment. AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate the autogenous onlay graft with compression plate for treatment of persistent humeral shaft non-union with failed previous surgery both radiological and functional outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study on twenty patients having persistent aseptic non-union age between 20 and 60 years old, after failed surgical treatment of fractures humeral shaft in Al-Zahra teaching and Al-Kindy teaching hospitals, while infected nonunion, diabetes mellitus, secondary metastasis, smoking, a
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This investigation aims to explore the potential of waterworks sludge (WS), low-cost byproduct of water treatment processes, as a sorbent for removing Congo Red (CR) dyes. This will be achieved by precipitating nano-sized (MgAl-LDH)-layered double hydroxide onto the surface of the sludge. The efficiency of utilizing MgAl-LDH to modify waterworks sludge (MWS) for use in permeable reactive barrier technology was confirmed through analysis with Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction. The isotherm model was employed to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms involved in the process. Furthermore, the COMSOL model was utilized to establish a continuous testing model for the analysis of contaminant transport under diverse conditions.
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The objective of this study is to examine the properties of Bayes estimators of the shape parameter of the Power Function Distribution (PFD-I), by using two different prior distributions for the parameter θ and different loss functions that were compared with the maximum likelihood estimators. In many practical applications, we may have two different prior information about the prior distribution for the shape parameter of the Power Function Distribution, which influences the parameter estimation. So, we used two different kinds of conjugate priors of shape parameter θ of the <
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Experimental programs based test results has been used as a means to find out the response of individual elements of structure. In the present study involves investigated behavior of five reinforced concrete deep beams of dimension (length 1200 x height 300 x width150mm) under two points concentrated load with shear span to depth ratio of (1.52), four of these beams with hallow core and
retrofit with carbon fiber reinforced polymer CFRP (with single or double or sides Strips). Two shapes of hallow are investigated (circle and square section) to evaluated the response of beams in case experimental behavior. Test on simply supported beam was performed in the laboratory & loaddeflection, strain of concrete data and crack pattern of
The purpose of this paper is to preparing exercises for using the (Blazepod) device for advanced basketball players, and then identifying the effect of using the (Blazepod) device in developing some of the player's defensive movement for advanced basketball players. 12 players from the Adhamiya Sports Club, the category of applicants for the 2022/2023 sports year, where they were chosen in a deliberate manner from the community of origin represented by clubs, and the researchers used the defender player's movement test, and the results of the study showed that the special exercises prepared by the researcher using the (Blazepod) device affected the development Defensive skills (the movement of the defending player) greatly increased among a
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