Plantation of humic acid nanoparticles on the inert sand through simple impregnation to obtain the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for treating of groundwater contaminated with copper and cadmium ions. The humic acid was extracted from sewage sludge which is byproduct of the wastewater treatment plant; so, this considers an application of sustainable development. Batch tests signified that the coated sand by humic acid (CSHA) had removal efficiencies exceeded 98 % at contact time, sorbent dosage, and initial pH of 1 h, 0.25 g/50 mL and 7, respectively for 10 mg/L initial concentration and 200 rpm agitation speed. Results proved that physicosorption was the predominant mechanism for metals-CSHA interaction because the sorption data followed

The study aimed to recommend a new spectrophotometric-kinetic method for determination of carbamazepine (CABZ) in its pure form and pharmaceutical forms. The proposed procedure based on the coupling of CABZ with diazotized sulfanilic acid in basic medium to yield a colored azo dye. Factors affecting the reaction yield were studied and the conditions were optimized. The colored product was followed spectrophotometrically via monitoring its absorbance at 396 nm. Under the optimized conditions, two method (the initial rate and fixed time (10 minute)) were applied for constructing the calibration graphs. The graphs were linear in concentration ranges 2.0 to 18.0 µg.mL^-1 for both methods. The proposed was applied successfully in

      Genistein (GEN) is one of the predominant dietary isoflavones found in legumes such as soybeans. Genistein has been recommended as an osteoporosis treatment for postmenopausal women and elderly men, with the intention of reducing cardiovascular disease and hormone-dependent malignancies. Therefore, two sensitive and simple methods for quantifying it in the supplements preparation were developed.The first method (A) comprised employing the surfactant Triton X-114 to extract the result of the diazotization reaction with 4-Aminoacetophenone(4AMA) utilizing a cloud point extraction technique. The product was extracted using micelles of a non-ionic surfactant (TritonX-114) and then spectrophotometrically detected at a specified wa

This study explored the development and qualities of the response of electrochemical properties of enrofloxacin-selective electrodes using precipitation based on producing phosphotungstic, after utilizing a matrix of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and dibutyl phthalate or dibutyl phosphate as a plasticizer. The resulting membrane sensors were an enrofloxacin-phosphotungstic electrode (sensors 1) and an ENR-DOP-PTA electrode (sensors 2). Linear responses of (ENR-DBPH-PTA) and (ENR-DOP-PTA) within the concentration ranges of 2.1×10^-6-10^-1 and 3.0×10^-6-10^-2 mol. L^-1, respectively, for both sensors were observed. Slopes of 51.61±0.24 and 39.40± 0.16 mV/decade and pH ranges equal to 2.5-8.5

This study is dedicated to investigate the effects of initial laser intensity on the nonlinear optical properties of the laser dye DQOCI dissolved in methanol with a concentration of 10 ^-5 M and doped with PMMA film. The properties were studied by using open and closed aperture Z-scan technique, with different levels of initial intensity (I₀), excited by continuous diode solid-state laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. Three lenses of different focal lengths were employed to change the radius of the Gaussian laser beam and then change the initial intensity. For I₀= 6.83 and 27.304 kWatt/cm², the Z-scan curves show a saturation of absorption (SA) known as the negative type of nonlinearity, in which

The sun which is all energy sources, in today's society, hot water is used for various purposes starting from household to power production. People are adopting various ways to accomplish these goals, such as firewood heat and electrical power, so solar energy is an alternative to the dwindling resources of fossil fuels. Conversion of solar radiation into heat is one of the simplest and most direct applications of this energy, it can be used to heat water systems. A widely used flat-plate solar collector. In this study we have come to heat water using solar energy. This research presents the design and experimental analysis for using Spiral Flow Solar Water Heater (SFSWH) to enhance the thermal efficiency of a flat plate solar collector.

Iraqi oil crudes have some of the physical and chemical characteristics that distinguish it from other types of oil crudes in the world. Some of these features such us molecular composition, rheological, viscosity and emulsions are studied carefully by researchers. In this work, a comparative study of the linear and the non-linear optical properties for typical heavy and light crude oils of Iraqi origin was studied utilizing Z-scan technique. The He -Ne laser of wavelength 632.8 nm had been used for this purpose. These samples were collected from Basra and Kut oil fields. The values of the non-linear refractive index (n₂), non-linear absorption coefficient (β), and third-order electrical susceptibility (χ³) were e