Let R be a semiprime ring with center Z(R) and U be a nonzero ideal of R. An additive mappings are called right centralizer if ( ) ( ) and ( ) ( ) holds for all . In the present paper, we introduce the concepts of generalized strong commutativity centralizers preserving and generalized strong cocommutativity preserving centralizers and we prove that R contains a nonzero central ideal if any one of the following conditions holds: (i) ( ) ( ), (ii) [ ( ) ( )] , (iii) [ ( ) ( )] [ ], (iv) ( ) ( ) , (v) ( ) ( ) , (vi) [ ( ) ( )] , (vii) ( ) ( ) ( ), (viii) ( ) ( ) for all .
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes permanent morbidity, premature mortality and great burden to the healthcare system. Smoking is it's most common risk factor and Spirometry is for diagnosing COPD and monitoring its progression.
Objectives: Early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in symptomatic smokers’ ≥ 40years by spirometry.
Methods: A cross sectional study on all symptomatic smokers aged ≥ 40 years attending ten PHCCs in Baghdad Alkarkh and Alrisafa. Those whose FEV1/FVC was <70% on spirometry; after giving bronchodilator, were considered COPD +ve.
Results: Overall, airway obstruction was seen in
... Show MoreIn this article four samples of HgBa2Ca2Cu2.4Ag0.6O8+δ were prepared and irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation 6, 8 and 10 Mrad. The effects of gamma irradiation on structure of HgBa2Ca2Cu2.4Ag0.6O8+δ samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction. It was concluded that there effect on structure by gamma irradiation. Scherrer, crystallization, and Williamson equations were applied based on the X-ray diffraction diagram and for all gamma doses, to calculate crystal size, strain, and degree of crystallinity. I
... Show MoreLet R be a commutative ring with unity and an R-submodule N is called semimaximal if and only if
the sufficient conditions of F-submodules to be semimaximal .Also the concepts of (simple , semisimple) F- submodules and quotient F- modules are introduced and given some properties .