This paper deal with the estimation of the shape parameter (a) of Generalized Exponential (GE) distribution when the scale parameter (l) is known via preliminary test single stage shrinkage estimator (SSSE) when a prior knowledge (a₀) a vailable about the shape parameter as initial value due past experiences as well as suitable region (R) for testing this prior knowledge.

The Expression for the Bias, Mean squared error [MSE] and Relative Efficiency [R.Eff(×)] for the proposed estimator are derived. Numerical results about beha

      Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be an unitary R-module. Let (M) be the set of all submodules of M, and : (M)  (M)  {} be a function. We say that a proper submodule P of M is -prime if for each r  R and x  M, if rx  P, then either x  P + (P) or r M  P + (P) . Some of the properties of this concept will be investigated. Some characterizations of -prime submodules will be given, and we show that under some assumptions prime submodules and -prime submodules are coincide. 

     Let  be a commutative ring with identity, and a fixed ideal of  and  be an unitary -module. In this paper we  introduce and study the concept of -nearly prime submodules as genrealizations of nearly prime and we investigate some properties of this class of submodules. Also, some characterizations of -nearly prime submodules will be given.

     We introduce in this paper, the notion of a 2-quasì-prime module as a generalization of quasi-prime module, we know that a module E over a ring R is called quasi-prime module, if (0) is quasi-prime submodule. Now, we say that a module E over ring R is a 2-quasi-prime module if (0) is 2-quasi-prime submodule, a proper submodule K of E is 2-quasi-prime submodule if whenever ,  and , then either  or .

Many results about these kinds of modules are obtained and proved, also, we will give a characterization of these kinds of modules.

    The definition of semi-preopen sets were first introduced by "Andrijevic" as were is defined by :Let (X ,  ) be a topological space, and let  A ⊆,    then Ais called semi-preopen set if ⊆∘ .        In this paper, we study the properties of semi-preopen sets but by another  definition which is equivalent to the first definition and we also study the relationships among it and (open, α-open, preopen and semi-p-open )sets.

      The definition of semi-preopen sets were first introduced by "Andrijevic" as were is defined by :Let (X ,  ) be a topological space, and let  A ⊆,    then A is called semi-preopen set if ⊆∘ .        In this paper, we study the properties of semi-preopen sets but by another  definition which is equivalent to the first definition and we also study the relationships among it and (open, α-open, preopen and semi-p-open )sets.

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and let M be a unity R-module. M is called a bounded R-module provided that there exists an element x?M such that annR(M) = annR(x). As a generalization of this concept, a concept of semi-bounded module has been introduced as follows: M is called a semi-bounded if there exists an element x?M such that . In this paper, some properties and characterizations of semi-bounded modules are given. Also, various basic results about semi-bounded modules are considered. Moreover, some relations between semi-bounded modules and other types of modules are considered.

In this paper, we introduce a type of modules, namely S-K-nonsingular modules, which is a generalization of K-nonsingular modules. A comprehensive study of these classes of modules is given.

    In this paper, the concepts of -sequence prime ideal and -sequence quasi prime ideal are introduced. Some properties of such ideals are investigated. The relations between -sequence prime ideal and each of primary ideal, -prime ideal, quasi prime ideal, strongly irreducible ideal, and closed ideal, are studied. Also, the ideals of a principal ideal domain are classified into quasi prime ideals and -sequence quasi prime ideals.

         Over the last few decades, many instructors have been trying all kinds of teaching methods, but without benefit. Nevertheless, in the 1986, a new technique is appeared which called K-W-L technique, it  is specified for reading comprehension passages because reading  skill is not easy matter for students for specific purposes (ESP).therefore, the K-W-L technique is a good one for thinking and experiences. To fulfill the aims and verify the hypothesis which reads as follows" it is hypothesized that there are no significant differences between the achievements of students who are taught according to K-W-L technique and those who are taught according to the traditional method