The guarantee has been known since ancient times as the most widely used personal guarantee, whether at the commercial or civil business level, internally and externally. However, it suffered from weaknesses from the point of view of creditors. In search of a safer personal guarantee, and based on contractual freedom, independent guarantees arose, starting with practice, followed by the stage of legislative regulation.

This type of new guarantees is based on the principle of independence. The independent guarantor, who is the debtor of the guarantee, is bound by a personal guarantee originating in the contract with the inability to adhere to defenses, which constitutes an advantage that tempts creditors, and the well-known legal

The extraction process of chlorophyll from dehydrated and pulverized alfalfa plant were studied by percolation method. Two  solvent systems were used for the extraction namely; Ethanol-water and Hexane-Toluene systems . The effect of circulation rate, solvent concentration, and solvent volume to solid weight ratio were studied. In  both ethanol water, and Hexane-Toluene systems it appears that solvent concentration is the most effective variable.

GaN thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation onto
glass substrates at substrate temperature of 403 K and a thickness of
385 nm . GaN films have amorphous structure as shown in X-ray
diffraction pattern . From absorbance data within the range ( 200-
900 ) nm direct optical energy gap was calculated . Also the others
optical parameters like transmittance T, reflectance R , refractive
index n , extinction coefficient k , real dielectric constant 1 Î , and
imaginary dielectric constant 2 Î were determined . GaN films
have good absorbance and minimum transmittance in the region of
the visible light .

Seventy- four cases of clinically diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), fifty cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and thirty healthy normal controls were investigated for detection of rheumatoid factor (RF), total serum immunoglobulins (Igs), antinuclear antibody (ANA), and ANA subtype anti-double stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA).
Patients with RA showed 58.1% positive for RF comparable with 14% positivity in SLE patients and 6.6% in normal individuals. Serum Igs (IgA,IgG) were found to be elevated in RA and SLE
patients (62.2% , 36.5%) (54% , 38%) respectively. This study revealed that ANA is found in 88% of SLE patients sera and 78% of these ANA is ds DNA in comparison with only 6.8% of RA sera wer

Background: Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) is a term refers to the overarching group of conditions to which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) belongs .

Objective: This study was designed to determine the existing behavior of children with autism in dental sitting, the behavior improvements in recall dental visits and evaluate the improvement in oral hygiene with using specific visual pedagogy chart.

Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Forty children of both genders, ages ranged from 4 – 6 years having primary teeth only were selected whose medical history included a diagnosis

Many studies have focused on identifying and classifying freshwater fishes in Iraq, concerned with describing, organizing, and drawing up a list of freshwater fishes in Iraq or the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Within the most recent updates at the beginning of 2023, 53 native freshwater and 20 exotic (alien or introduced) fish species are recorded and described. This study reviewed the database of morphology and molecular studies of freshwater fish in Iraq and reported species while surveying the fish fauna at different water bodies of the country from 2010 to the beginning of 2023. In conclusion, 29 species (about 40.3%) of all 72 fish species in Iraq still need to be available information on their molecular data.

Organic Permeable Base Transistors (OPBTs) reach a very high transit frequency and large on-state currents. However, for a later commercial application of this technology, a high operational stability is essential as well. Here, the stability of OPBTs during continuous cycling and during base bias stress is discussed. It is observed that the threshold voltage of these transistors shifts toward more positive base voltages if stressed by applying a constant potential to the base electrode for prolonged times. With the help of a 2D device simulation, it is proposed that the observed instabilities are due to charges that are trapped on top of an oxide layer formed around the base electrode. These charges are thermally released after rem

     In this article, an attempt has been made to introduce the concept of Neutrosophic d-Filter and Neutrosophic Prime d-Filter of d-Algebra by generalizing the notion of Intuitionistic Fuzzy d-Filter of d-Algebra. Besides, we establish different properties of them. Further, we study several relations on this notion from the point of view of Neutrosophic d-Algebra.

Abstract

Objectives: Behçet's disease is a systemic chronic proinflammatory vascular disease .this study wants to describe more details of patients with Behçet’s disease in iraq.

Methods: Any patient with suspected or diagnosed  Behçet’s  disease attending centre of dermatology/behjet unit , 2017-  2018.

A total 47 patients ,Full history and examination were taken.

Percentage of complains were calculated.

Results: 37 were females and 10 were males , Age of patients ranged from (11-63) years.Pethargy test was negative in 13 patients , positive in 15 ,21 had negative family history and 9 had positive .

They complain from Malaise , oral ulcer, genital ulcer, unexplai