Sedimentologic and facies evidences reveal a marine environment for the Gercus Formation. Facies analysis and associated sedimentary structures including graded beddings decide turbidity origin of the rocks. Marine environment is supported by the identifying glauconite and fossils types reported for the first time.
The formation composed of seven lithotypes; shale/claystone, mudstone, sandstone, carbonate, conglomerate, breccias and debris flow, which are arranged in repeated cycles of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate turbidites in a range of gravity-flow regime. The Gercus successions are grouped into four facies associations confirming marine depositional systems, these are (from bottom to top); slump siliciclastic-calciturbidites (dolomite/shale dominated), proximal siliciclastic-calciturbidites (dolomite/sand dominated), distal siliciclastic-calciturbidites (sand/mud dominated) and slope siliciclastic turbidites (sand/clay dominated) respectively.
Petrographic analysis of sandstone units show predominant of lithic fragments, most of it are carbonate with subordinate tuffaceous fragments, chert, chalcedony, volcanic ash, metamorphic and detrital iron oxides grains, with noticeable grains of glauconite. Varieties of marine fossils are identified includes planktonic bivalves and benthic forams of cool water, which support the deeper marine environment. Petrographic examination of carbonate units reveal skeletal grains of benthic and planktonic forams, stromatolite, planktonic bivalves, corals and algae, with non-skeletal grains of chert, chalcedony, tuffaceous fragments, volcanic ash, and volcanic bubbles.
Petrography, lithofacies and lithostratigraphic analysis of the Gercus Formation suggest deposition in developed marine environment, mainly effected by gravity-flow turbidity currents, and displays successive submarine fans of high density turbulent currents in deeper margins. Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate cycles were deposited in intervals of weaning of turbulent currents. Based on clast type and size, it seems likely that a weakly turbulent to laminar gravity-flow phase was present when the flow event entered the basin at the end part of the fan. A change in flow behavior may have led to deposit sand-rich unit with ‘turbidite’ characteristics, which was subsequently grades upwards to clay-dominated unit.
This paper presents new details of lithostratigraphic subdivisions and associations of the Gercus Formation in Koi Dokan area, and new suggested marine environment of deposition. The previous workers suggest continental and probably mixed with deltaic environments in the upper part.
Liquid – liquid interface reaction is the method for
preparation nanoparticles (NP'S) which depend on the super
saturation of ions that provide by using the system that consist from
toluene and water, the first one is above the second to obtain
nanoparticles (NP's) CdS at the interface separated between these
two immiscible liquid. The structure properties were characterized by
XRD-diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.
The crystalline size estimate from X-ray diffraction pattern
using Scherer equation to be about 7nm,and by TEM analysis give us
that ananosize is about 5 nm which give a strong comparable with
Bohr radius. Photoluminescence analysis give two emission peak,
the first one around
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This study focuses on synthesizing Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) thin films on silicon wafers and quartz substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering for NO2 gas sensors. The films undergo annealing in ambient air at 800 °C for 1 hr. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Hall effect measurements, and sensitivity measurements, are employed to evaluate the structural, morphological, electrical, and sensing properties of the Nb2O5 thin films. XRD analysis confirms the polycrystalline nature and hexagonal crystal structure of Nb2O5. The optical band gap val
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A reinforced concrete frame is referred as "RIGID FRAMES". However, researches indicate that the Beam-Column joint (BCJ) is definitely not rigid. In addition, extensive research shows that failure may occur at the joint instead of in the beam or the column. Joint failure is known to be a catastrophic type which is difficult to repair.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hoops and column axial load on the shear strength of high-strength fiber reinforced Beam-Column Joints by using a numerical model based on finite element method using computer program ANSYS (Version 11.0). The variables are: diameter of hoops and magnitude of column axial load.
The theoretical results obtained from ANSYS program are in a good a
Coating materials have an extraordinarily high use, for industrial or technical applications. This study compares the effect of short glass and polypropylene fibers on the hardness, water absorption and anti-bacterial activity of acrylic composites against Gram positive (Streptococcus sp.) and Gram negative bacteria (E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp.).To prepare acrylic polymer and acryliccomposites (glass fibers and polypropylene fiber) the weight fraction (20 %,) (v0= lama acrylic, v1= lama acrylic/ glass fiber, and v2= lama acrylic /poly propylene fiber), of chopped glass fibers and polypropylene were added to acrylic , the resultant solution was stirred by hand for 5 minutes, using the Hand-lay-up technique.
Results s
This research studies the effect of adding micro, nano and hybrid by ratio (1:1) of (Al2O3,TiO2) to epoxy resin on thermal conductivity before and after immersion in HCl acid for (14 day) with normality (0.3 N) at weight fraction (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) and thickness (6mm). The results of thermal conductivity reveled that epoxy reinforced by (Al2O3) and mixture (TiO2+Al2O3) increases with increasing the weight fraction, but the thermal conductivity (k) a values for micro and Nano (TiO2) decrease with increasing the weight fraction of reinforced, while the immersion in acidic solution (HCl) that the (k) values after immersion more than the value in before immersion.
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The experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy in the green garden of Biology Department , College of Education for Pure Science – Ibn AL –Haitham, Baghdad University, during the growing season of 2012- 2013 , to study the influence of foliar application of three concentrations of zinc (0,50,75)mg. L ¯¹ with four concentrations of boron (0, 25, 50, 75) mg. L¯¹ and their interactions on some growth parameters of vegetative part of chickpea plant. The experiment was designed according to Randomized Completely Block Design(RCBD)with three replications, results indicated that:- 1- Foliar application of zinc and boron caused a significant increase in the averaye of dry weight for t
... Show MoreRifampicin (RF) considered a hepatotoxic drug. Is one of the first line successful drugs of management of tuberculosis. To reduce injury and protect liver from adverse effect of Rifampicin, this study was designed to investigate the activity of Nigella Sativa (NS) seeds powder aqueous suspension to hepato protection against Rifampicin.
For conducting this study,24 male albino rats were divided into four groups and all treated orally as follow; group І (control), received normal saline alone; group II, received RF (50mg/kg body weight/day); group III received NS it's called normal dose, (2g/kg body weight day); group IV RF (50mg/kg body weight) + NS (2g/kg body weight).Respectively for 28 days. Blood samples obtained for estimation of
This study was conducted in the poultry field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad for the period from 10/15/2021 to 11/25/2021 in order to show the effect of adding different levels of Ganoderma lucidum to broiler diets on physiological traits and indicators of fat oxidation in meat. In it, 200 unsexed (Ross 308) chicks of one-day-old breed were used, with a starting weight of (40) g. The chicks were distributed and randomly divided into four treatments, with 50 birds for each treatment. One treatment included five replicates (10 birds/repeat) and the experiment treatments were T1, T2, T3, and T4. The percentages of adding reishi mushrooms were 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg of feed, respectively. Th
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In this work, the effects of solvent properties on the characteristics of absorption and fluorescence for two laser dyes was studied. Dyes used in this work include Coumarin 5400 and DCM, while the solvents include ethanol, methanol, acetone, propanol and chloroform. Coumarin 5400 dye shows sharp fluorescence peaks in the green band of visible region while the DCM dye shows relatively wide band within 590-630 nm. Therefore, the selection of any dye for random gain medium applications should be performed after determining the most appropriate solvent as the optimum fluorescence characteristics are obtained.