Sedimentologic and facies evidences reveal a marine environment for the Gercus Formation. Facies analysis and associated sedimentary structures including graded beddings decide turbidity origin of the rocks. Marine environment is supported by the identifying glauconite and fossils types reported for the first time.
The formation composed of seven lithotypes; shale/claystone, mudstone, sandstone, carbonate, conglomerate, breccias and debris flow, which are arranged in repeated cycles of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate turbidites in a range of gravity-flow regime. The Gercus successions are grouped into four facies associations confirming marine depositional systems, these are (from bottom to top); slump siliciclastic-calciturbidites (dolomite/shale dominated), proximal siliciclastic-calciturbidites (dolomite/sand dominated), distal siliciclastic-calciturbidites (sand/mud dominated) and slope siliciclastic turbidites (sand/clay dominated) respectively.
Petrographic analysis of sandstone units show predominant of lithic fragments, most of it are carbonate with subordinate tuffaceous fragments, chert, chalcedony, volcanic ash, metamorphic and detrital iron oxides grains, with noticeable grains of glauconite. Varieties of marine fossils are identified includes planktonic bivalves and benthic forams of cool water, which support the deeper marine environment. Petrographic examination of carbonate units reveal skeletal grains of benthic and planktonic forams, stromatolite, planktonic bivalves, corals and algae, with non-skeletal grains of chert, chalcedony, tuffaceous fragments, volcanic ash, and volcanic bubbles.
Petrography, lithofacies and lithostratigraphic analysis of the Gercus Formation suggest deposition in developed marine environment, mainly effected by gravity-flow turbidity currents, and displays successive submarine fans of high density turbulent currents in deeper margins. Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate cycles were deposited in intervals of weaning of turbulent currents. Based on clast type and size, it seems likely that a weakly turbulent to laminar gravity-flow phase was present when the flow event entered the basin at the end part of the fan. A change in flow behavior may have led to deposit sand-rich unit with ‘turbidite’ characteristics, which was subsequently grades upwards to clay-dominated unit.
This paper presents new details of lithostratigraphic subdivisions and associations of the Gercus Formation in Koi Dokan area, and new suggested marine environment of deposition. The previous workers suggest continental and probably mixed with deltaic environments in the upper part.
This study sought to determine the impact of spreading the culture of quality in improving the quality of tourism service in some hotels in Erbil governorate. The theme of excellence in providing service and attention to it has become the concern of most organizations in general and tourism service organizations in particular. Tourists try to establish the mental status of customers about their tourism organizations had to pay attention to the quality of service provided to the customer and work to develop them to the advanced stages of satisfaction and happiness of customers and this will certainly positively affect the improvement of service in the tourism sector, Of the research variables were examined statistically by distrib
... Show More
This work evaluates the economic feasibility of various production scenarios for the Zubair reservoir in the Kifl oil field using cash flow and net present value (NPV) calculations. The Kifl field is an exploratory field that has not yet been developed or assessed economically. The first well was drilled in 1960, and three other wells were later drilled to assess the oil accumulation, so in this research, Different production scenarios were evaluated economically. These scenarios were proposed based on the reservoir model of the Zubair formation in the field. The research methodology used QUE$TOR software to estimate capital expenditures (CapEx) and operating expenditures (OpEx) based on field-level data, production prof
... Show More
Abstract:
This research to monitor the features of the historical method in the
thought of a linguistic scientist is known (ibin genieD. 392 AH by offering a
range of grammatical rules presented in his book (the properties and the
nature of their treatment on the basis of the historical method in accordance
with These are an important milestone in facilitating the grammatical rules and
display image "makes it more suitable for the social reality
The aim of the research is to identify to what extent to which Malcolm Baldrige standards of total quality are applied in the after-sales services of a private sector company for electrical appliances, from the point of view of administrative leaders, in it. To achieve this aim a questionnaire has been used to measure the degree of application of Malcolm’s seven criteria for total quality, namely: (leadership, strategic planning, focus on the customer, measurement and analysis and knowledge management, focus in human resource and operation management and results of the company’s management), the research found that the company achieved a good level of the standard from the de
... Show MoreAbstract
The study aims to identify the levels of core competencies dimensions and types of organizational flexibility in the investigated organization, as well as to determine the nature of the relationship and the impact of core competencies dimensions with the process of organizational flexibility. Thus, a number of research questions were presented to express the research problem as follows:
- What is the level of the investigated individuals' awareness to core competencies and organizational flexibility across their dimensions and types in the investigated organization?
- To what extent are core competencies and organizational flexibility available in the Organiz
A summary of zooplankton research done in Peruvian marine waters is presented. We first provide a brief overview of the evolution of zooplankton studies off Peru before reviewing zooplankton biodiversity, regional distribution, seasonal and interannual fluctuation, trophodynamics, secondary production, and modeling are some of these topics. We evaluate research on various meroplankton, macroplankton, mesoplankton, and microplankton groups and provide a list of species from both published and unpublished sources. Three regional zooplankton groups have been identified: A shelf group on the continental shelf dominated by Acartia tonsa and Centropages brachiatus; A slope group on the continental shelf with siphonophores, bivalves, foramin
... Show MoreThe military presence in the Gulf region after the British withdrawal from it in 1971 was one of the most important pillars of the American strategy to climb the ladder of global leadership, as the geostrategic features that the region enjoyed provided factors of controlling energy sources and global trade routes. The United States of America guarantees Western Europe and Japan the process of access to energy sources and the exclusion of its opponents from the region, especially the Soviet Union, and the growing American military presence in the Gulf after the invasion of Iraq in 2003. On the other hand, the region experiences many contradictions, some of which threaten its security, such as the exacerbation of disputes between its count
... Show More
The research aims to measure the relationship and impact of the operations of the knowledge of management of the six dimensions (diagnosis knowledge, define knowledge objectives, knowledge generation, knowledge storage, distribution of knowledge, application of knowledge) in the fiscal performance of the General Authority for taxes of the four dimensions (financial, customers (taxpayers), Operations Interior, learn and grow), the research aims also to the use of computerized programs for training and career development of the Authority that helps to add knowledge workers in the Authority, and to reach an appropriate arrangement for knowledge management processes in the Authority, as well as analysis of the reality of the Authority to get
... Show More
This research discusses one of the largest and most important issues of a doctrinal and philosophical dimension at the same time, which is the issue of man’s freedom to choose his actions, and thus his responsibility for those actions, by looking at the nature of these acts, their being and the origin of their creation. He showed that they were created in man by force, and that he was their original creator, and that they were among the creatures of the God Almighty God like others, but they are attributed to man through acquisition. So to the first saying went Jahmiyya or Jabariyya, and to the second saying went to fatalism in the past, and the existentialists shared with them in the modern era, and to the third saying went to the Sun
... Show More