An experimental study is made here to investigate the discharge coefficient for contracted rectangular Sharp crested weirs. Three Models are used, each with different weir width to flume width ratios (0.333, 0.5, and 0.666). The experimental work is conducted in a standard flume with high-precision head and flow measuring devices. Results are used to find a dimensionless equation for the discharge coefficient variation with geometrical, flow, and fluid properties. These are the ratio of the total head to the weir height, the ratio of the contracted weir width to the flume width, the ratio of the total head to the contracted width, and Reynolds and Weber numbers. Results show that the relationship between the discharge co

In this research, a non-thermal plasma system was designed and a non-thermal plasma needle was manufactured for argon gas operating at normal atmospheric pressure. The electrical description of this system studied by using two different values of voltages (4.9,8) kV. Where the results showed the small amount of electrical current consumed by the system of plasma needle up to several microns of amps, and the value of the electrical current increase with the increasing gas flow, as well as the results, showed that happen a breakdown voltage at (8) kV when gas flow (4 l/min) causing a slight decrease in the electrical current value.

Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) can be described as the presence of contact with the discharge of one or more insulating layers located between two cylindrical or flat electrodes connected to an AC/pulse dc power supply. In this work, the properties of the plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system without and with a glass insulator were studied. The plasma was generated at a constant voltage of 4 kV and fixed distance between the electrodes of 5 mm, and with a variable flow rate of argon gas (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5) L/min. The emission spectra of the DBD plasmas at different flow rates of argon gas have been recorded. Boltzmann plot method was used to calculate the plasma electron temperature (Te), and Stark broadeni

A gliding arc discharge (GAD) with a water spray system was constructed. A non-thermal plasma, generated between two V shaped electrodes in an ambient argon driven by 100 Hz AC voltage, was investigated using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) with different gas flow rates (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 , 2.5 , 3  1/min). Boltzmann plot method was used to calculate electron temperature (T_e) and electron density (n_e). The electrodes design was spectrally recognized and its T_e value was about 0.588-0.863 eV, while the n_e value of 6.875×10¹⁷-10.938×10¹⁷ cm^-3. The results of the plasma diagnostics generated by gliding arc showed that increasing gas f

Low-pressure capacitively coupled RF discharge Ar plasma has been studied using Langmuir probe. The electron temperature, electron density and Debay length were calculated under different pressures and electrode gap. In this work the RF Langmuir probe is designed using 4MHz filter as compensation circuit and I-V probe characteristic have been investigated. The pressure varied from 0.07 mbar to 0.1 mbar while electrode gap varied from 2-5 cm. The plasma was generated using power supply at 4MHz frequency with power 300 W. The flowmeter is used to control Argon gas flow in the range of 600 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm). The electron temperature drops slowly with pressure and it's gradually decreased when expanding the electro

Recently, research has focused on non-thermal plasma (NTP) technologies as a way to remove volatile organic compounds from the air stream, due to its distinctive qualities, which include a quick reaction at room temperature. In this work, the properties of the plasma generated by the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system and by a glass insulator were studied. Plasma was generated at different voltages (3, 4, 6, 7, 8 kV ) with a fixed distance between the electrodes of 5 mm, and a constant argon gas flow rate of (2.5) I/min. DBD plasma emission spectra were recorded for each voltage. The Boltzmann plot method was used to calculate the electron temperature in the plasma ( ), and the Stark expansion method was used to calculate the elec

In this article, the effects of the O₂ ratio  on the electrical characteristics, including the I-V characteristic curve, Panchen’s curve, and I-P curve, were tested in a sample of O₂/Ar gaseous mixture . The sample was produced by plasma-based DC magnetron sputtering with niobium metal as a target material. The inter-electrode spacing value was 4 cm. Plasma diagnosis via the Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) method was used to achieve Te and Ne mixture values of 20 %, 30 %, 50%, and 70% in the Ar/O₂ system. The results showed that the discharge is operating in the abnormal glow region and the discharge current was decreased by increasing O₂ percentage. In addition, the experimenta

     The effects of poles distances of a discharge tube (cathode and anode) were investigated. The distances(90,95,100,110,115,120,130,140)mm are considered. The influence of (25mT) parallel and (2mT) normal magnetic fields with respect to the discharge tube on electron temperature under a pressure of (6pascal) and (900volt) was studied by implementing double Langmuire probe into plasma. Curves fitting were performed to find the optimum values of electron temperature for all cases in this work.We found that the electron temperature as a function of poles distances is exponential form

      The current study involves an experimental investigation of plasma main parameters of a DC discharge with a hollow cathode (HCD) geometry in air using apertures of different diameters from the hollow cathode (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 cm). A tiny Langmuir probe is used to investigate the plasma properties. The HCD was operated at constant power of 12.4 W and gas pressures ranging between 0.1 to 0.8 torr. It was observed that the operational conditions strongly affect the electron temperature and density, while the hollow cathode diameter has not much influence. The main important observation was that at relatively high air pressure (>0.4 torr) two electron temperatures were obtained, while at relatively low pressure (<0.4 torr)

    The study of the surface plasma characteristics under atmospheric pressure is a new branch and tool in physics. Building generation dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system at atmospheric pressure and studying its thermal characterizations. The discharge was produced by applying a high voltage of 20 kV with a frequency of 8 kHz. The thermal characterization was done by measuring discharge temperature for different horizontal surface areas and different types of insulating material. The results indicated that the effect of the area and the type of insulator affect the discharge (increasing or decreasing) according to the operation conditions because they affect, as expected, the DBD . The plasma temperature increased with the decr