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Improving the Accuracy of Prayer Times and Calculating Their Change with Geographical Latitudes during the Year 2021 AD

       The entry time of the prayer in Islam is a prerequisite condition for performing obligatory prayers, and prayer times to be performed in Islam coincides with the time changes of the position of the sun. The elliptical and equatorial coordinates of the sun were calculated for different latitudes. The prayer times for the city of Baghdad were calculated at (latitude = 33.34º N, longitude = 44.43 E) with high accuracy for the year 2021 AD. The results showed that all prayer times are affected by latitude according to each region except (Dhuhr prayer (, it changes with the change of the equation of time, because the equation of time does not depend on latitude, but rather on the sun’s declination, which depends on date. We also made improvements to the accuracy of calculating prayer times, where the disappearance of evening twilight (Isha prayer) was calculated when the sun was below the western horizon at an angle of (170 ) and for )Fajr prayer( at an angle of (180) below the eastern horizon. Minutes were added to enable entering the time for )Dhuhr prayer( (5 minutes) and )Asr prayer( (3 minutes).

The results show that the shadow of the meridian varies every day of the year from one point to another on the surface of the globe, so it is non-existent if the sun is perpendicular to the earth at the time of the meridian, and it has a specific length if the latitude of the place exceeds the value (23.50) the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic of Capricorn), and its length increases as we move towards higher latitudes.

In addition, the results of our program were compared with the program of the Islamic project for all prayer times for the cities of Baghdad and Mosul for one year, and it showed a good match for the results, with a difference in some times and days of no more than one minute due to the modifications we added to calculate the effect of altitude above sea level. Practical observation was also conducted to check the times of the Dhuhr, Asr and Maghrib prayers for several days during the year 2021 AD, and the results were identical with our theoretical results.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Demonstration of Net Solar Radiation Geographical Behavior Revers Correlation with Relative Humidity in Iraq

      It is common that extraterrestrial solar radiation Ra value lessen due to the interaction with atmosphere components to result a net solar radiation Rn value about one third of Ra for most measurements on earth. Net solar radiation had major impact on air temperature (To) value statement. So, its estimation is crucial for analyzing the interaction of (atmosphere-vegetation-soil).

Many methodologies available for this aim directly (with radiometer) or indirectly (with air temperature-based formula or soil plus air temperatures-based formula). The peak influences of global warming phenomenon were in eighties decade of the last century, yielding Iraq Rn rates to get cl

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 03 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Development of the Concept of Defect in Accordance with the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods for the Year 1980

The Vienna Convention 1980 developed the concept of a defect that necessitates the warranty in a way that is compatible with the requirements of international trade, as it attached it to the obligation of conformity. The agreement also developed the penalties resulting from the existence of the defect, as it imposed on the seller that he is obligated to ensure that his goods conform to the provisions of the contract, as well as that they must be usable. For the purposes for which the goods are used, if the goods are not in conformity, then the seller is in breach of his obligation to conform, as he has delivered defective goods.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2022
Journal Name
Sport Tk-revista Euroamericana De Ciencias Del Deporte
Visual spatial attention and its impact on the accuracy of the diagonal spike in volleyball

The primary aim of this research was to study visual spatial attention and its impact on the accuracy of the diagonal spike in volleyball. A total of 20 volleyball players of Baghdad participated in this study. The sample was homogeneous in terms of height, weight and age of the players. The tests used in the present study were: 1) Visual Spatial Attention Test. 2) Volleyball Spike Test. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher concluded that visual spatial attention has a significant impact on the accuracy of the diagonal spike in volleyball.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 10 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The impact of sex change on status matters

When a person responds to the temptation of Satan and changes his sex from male to female or vice versa, it will be terrible, He is neither male nor female; Because this change will be apparent only and will not affect the person,

This change if it occurs has implications impaction Bor personal status issues.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Opcion
Reflection of strategic thinking on the organizational change

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the strategic thinking and organizational change via the use of many statistical methods such as Simple linear regression equation. The 80% of the hypotheses of correlation and influence were established, and the research was reached a number of conclusions. Including the fluctuation of the level of strategic thinking capabilities in the sample surveyed. Although, there are certain levels, but an organization of this importance need to be higher. Based on these conclusions, the researcher has made some recommendations to address the findings of the research. Reflexión del pensamiento estratégico sobre el cambio organizacional Resumen El propósito de esta investigación

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 30 2024
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The effect of Core exercises in improving the strength and flexibility of the spine for injured women with herniated discs in the vertebrae (L4, L5)

يعد العلاج الحركي من الوسائل العلاجية التأهيلية من الوسائل المهمة الامنة  لأنها تؤمن على حياة الانسان بكافة شؤونه وتعد التمرينات التأهيلية اسلوبا فعالاً وطبيعياً لا تعرض المريض الى مضاعفات على وظائف الجسم الاخرى لأنها خالية من اي دواء كيمياوي ضار ، كما استخدمت تقنيات حديثة في العلاج الطبيعي بشكل واسع معد حسب اسس علمية منها تمرينات (Core)  التي تساعد في تخفيف الالام بالانزلاق الغضروفي للفقرة الرابعة والخا

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The susceptibility test of vaginal yeasts and their relationship with the age in Iraqi women

This study aims to isolate the pathogenic yeasts from genital tract and investigate their relationship with the age .The results clarified that the most pathogenic yeast isolated from genital tract was Candida albicans , also the results of C.albicanas isolates susceptibility test, to different antifungal revealed that they were sensitive to Miconazole, Ketoconazole and Clotrimazol and were resistant to Nystatin and Grisofulvin. The study of relationship of vaginal infection with the age showed that the incidence of infection with Candida was high among females age group (19-39 years).

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Moral Value in Iraqi Society between Change and Constant

The problem of constant and change values is one of the important problems that the philosophy thought had faced as the religious and social studies had taken it as it considers as one of the most dangerous which touch the basic . the research deals with the effect of change value of new Iraqi situation to be as an attempt , as participation or an excitement that can be occupied a space through the area of questions on the fix and change of moral values shed light on the economical ,social and political events that the Iraqi society passes through them .it is part of interests that becomes importance to everyone through the light of moral change Which is arbitrary to the life of the individual .It is not possible to rebuild the society o

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Solar Energy
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Physics And Chemistry Of The Earth, Parts A/b/c
The impact of climate change on land degradation along with shoreline migration in Ghoramara Island, India

Sea level rise (SLR) due to climate change is affecting the coastline, causing shoreline changes, the degradation of mangrove forests, and the destruction of coastal resources. This is the cause of a huge amount of mangrove degradation in many parts of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta. A total of 90% of people have been forced to migrate from the island due to extreme weather conditions. In this study, remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used for LULC change and shoreline shift analyses of Ghoramara Island. LULC classification was carried out using thirty years of Landsat datasets with intervals of ten years (1990 and 2000) and intervals of five years (2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020). The classific

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