Genetic and environmental factors are believed to have a key role in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). This study aimed to investigate the association between two CTLA-4 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) CT60/rs3087243 and CT61/rs11571319 with autoimmune thyroiditis in a sample of Iraqi patients. Seventy-five patients (67 females, 8 males) and eighty-eight subjects (79 females and 9 males) matched in age, gender, and ethnicity as a control group. Thyroid autoantibodies were present in females more than in males with a total positivity of anti-TPO of 92% and anti-TG positivity of
57.3 %. Thyroid evaluation tests including T3, T4, and TSH were abnormal only in patients not receiving L-thyroxine treatment for autoimmune hypothyroidism, while patients on L-treatment and control subjects had normal results of these tests. CTLA-4 genotype frequencies were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the genotypes of patients and the control group. Analysis of CTLA-4 genotype and allele frequencies in patients and controls indicated the lack of significant differences among these frequencies except for allele G of rs3087243 which was associated significantly (P= 0.032) with the disease with OR of 1.62, while allele A can have a protective effect with OR of 0.66. Alleles of rs11571319 showed no significant ifferences despite the decreased frequency of G allele (83.33vs.87.5 %) and increased frequency of A allele (16.66vs.12.5%) in patients compared to controls. In conclusion, G allele of rs3087243 can be considered a risk factor for autoimmune hypothyroidism while no
association was found regarding rs11571319 in the Iraqi population.
Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described based on the coupling reaction of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC. HCl) with diazotized 4-aminopyridine in bulk and pharmaceutical forms. Colored azo dye formed during this reaction is measured at 433 nm as a function of time. Factors affecting the reaction yield were studied and the conditions were optimized. The kinetic study involves initial rate and fixed time (10 minutes) procedures for constructing the calibration graphs to determine the concentration of (TC. HCl). The graphs were linear for both methods in concentration range of 10.0 to 100.0 μg.mL-1. The recommended procedure was applied successfully in the determination of (TC. HCl) in its commercial formulations.
This research aims to investigate and improve multi-user free space optic systems (FSO) based on a hybrid subcarrier multiplexing spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SCM-SAC-OCDMA) technique using MS code with a direct decoding technique. The performance is observed under different weather conditions including clear, rain, and haze conditions. The investigation includes analyzing the proposed system mathematically using MATLAB and OptiSystem software. The simulation is carried out using a laser diode. Furthermore, the performances of the MS code in terms of angles of bit rate, beam divergence and noise are evaluated based on bit error rate (BER), received
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are progenitor cells which have the ability to self‑renewal and potential for differentiating into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. The in vitro isolation, culturing, identification, cryopreservation were investigated to produce neural stem cells in culture as successful sources for further studies before using it for clinical trials. In this study, mouse bone marrow was the source of neural stem cells. The results of morphological study and immunocytochemistry of isolated cells showed that NSCs can be produced successfully and maintaining their self‑renewal and successfully forming neurosphere for multiple passages. The spheres preserved their morphology in culture and cryopreserved t
... Show MoreThis study investigates the role of Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) systems in improving human resources management (HRM) processes. The rapid environmental changes led to increased demand on the ERP systems, which have changed the manual effort to technology-based processes, providing solutions focusing on the integration of all departments to achieve goals for the entire organization. HRM processes are mainly made up of two classes: strategic and operational HRM. An ERP system works to integrate both of them, making HRM processes more efficient, effective and feasible to provide support to the organization as a whole (inside and outside). In this article, a modest framework is proposed to describe HRM process integrity in relation to
... Show MoreThis study was conducted to examine the anatomical aspects of
In this paper, we investigate and study quantum theoretical of quark-gluon interaction modeling in QGP matter formatted. In theoretical modeling, we can use a flavor number, strength coupling, critical energy Tc = 190 MeV, system energy (400-650)MeV, fugacity of quark and gluon, and photon energy in range of 1-10 GeV parameter to calculation and investigation spectrum of photon rate. We calculation and study the photon rate produced through bremsstrahlung processes from the stable QGP matter. The photon rate production from cg → dgy systems at bremsstrahlung processes are found to be increased with increased fugacity, decreased strength coupling, decreased the photons energy and temperature of system. The photons rate in cg → dgy is inc
... Show MoreThe following dilutions -710X46, -610X46, -510X46 of Bacillus thuringiensis were used for bioassay against the different larval instar of the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella by the spraying method, the results showed that there was no significant influence in the percentage of egg hatching in comparison with the control. The sensitivity of larval stages was reduced with the increasing the age and exposure period. The study also showed that the larvae infected with B.t. stopped feeding, movement and a general paralysis causing the death of larva after (24-48) hours , and the larva color was changed from the natural waxy colour to brown finally to the black after death.