The cloud point extraction technique has become increasingly popular in recent years for trace metal separation and preconcentration. When heated to a specific temperature, cloud point extraction utilizes the property of nonionic surfactants in aqueous solutions to generate micelles and become turbid (so-called cloud point temperature). For analytical chemists, developing a simple and selective technology for the separation and determination of metals and medicinal drugs is a critical concern. Therefore, a sensitive, accurate, and green cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure was developed for the micro-determination of metal cations like zinc (II) and cadmium (II) in food samples. Triton X–114 and 1-(4-(Phenyldiazenyl) phenyl) azo naphthalene-2-ol (Sudan III) were used as extractants. Sudan III forms an ion-pair association complex with metal ions when the pH is 9. In the presence of 5 ppm zinc (II) or 4 ppm cadmium (II) in an aqueous solution, the maximum extraction efficiency should be achieved. In order to create Cloud Point Temperature (CPT) quantitatively, the extraction applications in this approach required heating at 85°C for 20 minutes. In this work, the impacts of different surfactants, pH, stoichiometry, and various organic reagents on interferences as well as spectrophotometric determination were explored. The linearity ranges of zinc (II) and cadmium (II) were 0.25-700 and 0.25-400 ppm, respectively. The results show low detection limits of 0.035 and 0.042 ppm for zinc (II) and cadmium (II), respectively. Also, the quantification limits for zinc (II) and cadmium (II) are 0.116 and 0.140 ppm, respectively.
The corrosion of carbon steel in single phase (water with 0.1N NaCl ) and two immiscible phases (kerosene-water) using turbulently agitated system is investigated. The experiments are carried out for Reynolds number (Re) range of 38000 to 95000 corresponding to rotational velocities from 600 to 1400 rpm using circular disk turbine agitator at 40 0C. In two-phase system test runs are carried out in aqueous phase (water) concentrations of 1 % vol., 5 % vol., 8% vol., and 16% vol. mixed with kerosene at various Re. The effect of Reynolds number (Re), percent of dispersed phase, dispersed drops diameter, and number of drops per unit volume on the corrosion rate is investigated and discussed. Test runs are carried out using two types of
... Show MoreThe investigation of determining solutions for the Diophantine equation over the Gaussian integer ring for the specific case of is discussed. The discussion includes various preliminary results later used to build the resolvent theory of the Diophantine equation studied. Our findings show the existence of infinitely many solutions. Since the analytical method used here is based on simple algebraic properties, it can be easily generalized to study the behavior and the conditions for the existence of solutions to other Diophantine equations, allowing a deeper understanding, even when no general solution is known.
Biologically active natural compounds are molecules produced by plants or plant-related microbes, such as endophytes. Many of these metabolites have a wide range of antimicrobial activities and other pharmaceutical properties. This study aimed to evaluate (in vitro) the antifungal activities of the secondary metabolites obtained from Paecilomyces sp. against the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The endophytic fungus Paecilomyces was isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves and cultured on potato dextrose broth for the production of the fungal metabolites. The activity of Paecilomyces filtrate against the radial growth of Rhizoctonia solani was tested by mixing the filtrate with potato dextrose agar medium at concentrations of 15%,
... Show MoreBackground subtraction is the dominant approach in the domain of moving object detection. Lots of research has been done to design or improve background subtraction models. However, there are a few well-known and state-of-the-art models that can be applied as a benchmark. Generally, these models are applied to different dataset benchmarks. Most of the time, choosing an appropriate dataset is challenging due to the lack of dataset availability and the tedious process of creating ground-truth frames for the sake of quantitative evaluation. Therefore, in this article, we collected local video scenes of a street and river taken by a stationary camera, focusing on dynamic background challenges. We presented a new technique for creati
... Show MorePurpose: clarify the integrative relationship of strategic leadership skills and effective management and the role of those skills combined or individually in achieving effective management.
Research design: The researchers used the quantitative method by surveying a class sample from the heads of the executive departments in a group of Iraqi private banks, consisting of (106) individuals according to the (VUCA Prime) methodology for effective management and the ten skills model for Johansen. The questionnaire was analyzed using a model of the structural equation.
Findings: The most prominent results of the research were the presence of a weak ro
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