A -set in the projective line is a set of  projectively distinct points. From the fundamental theorem over the projective line, all -sets are projectively equivalent. In this research, the inequivalent -sets in have been computed and each -set classified to its -sets where  Also, the  has been splitting into two distinct -sets, equivalent and inequivalent.

Cassava, a significant crop in Africa, Asia, and South America, is a staple food for millions. However, classifying cassava species using conventional color, texture, and shape features is inefficient, as cassava leaves exhibit similarities across different types, including toxic and non-toxic varieties. This research aims to overcome the limitations of traditional classification methods by employing deep learning techniques with pre-trained AlexNet as the feature extractor to accurately classify four types of cassava: Gajah, Manggu, Kapok, and Beracun. The dataset was collected from local farms in Lamongan Indonesia. To collect images with agricultural research experts, the dataset consists of 1,400 images, and each type of cassava has

     Image texture is an important part of many types of images, for example medical images. Texture Analysis is the technique that uses measurable features to categorize complex textures. The main goal is to extract discriminative features that are used in different pattern recognition applications and texture categorization. This paper investigates the extraction of most discriminative features for different texture images from the “Colored Brodatz” dataset using two types of image contrast measures, as well as using the statistical moments on five bands (red, green, blue, grey, and black). The Euclidean distance measure is used in the matching step to check the similarity degree. The proposed method was tested on 112 classes o

The paper presents a highly accurate power flow solution, reducing the possibility of ending at local minima, by using Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) with system reduction and restoration. The proposed method (RCGA) is modified to reduce the total computing time by reducing the system in size to that of the generator buses, which, for any realistic system, will be smaller in number, and the load buses are eliminated. Then solving the power flow problem for the generator buses only by real-coded GA to calculate the voltage phase angles, whereas the voltage magnitudes are specified resulted in reduced computation time for the solution. Then the system is restored by calculating the voltages of the load buses in terms

The Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm meets the requirements for multimedia encryption since the encipher operation of the ECC algorithm is applied at points only and that offer significant computational advantages. The encoding/decoding operations for converting the text message into points on the curve and vice versa are not always considered a simple process. In this paper, a new mapping method has been investigated for converting the text message into a point on the curve or point to a text message in an efficient and secure manner; it depends on the repeated values in coordinate to establish a lookup table for encoding/ decoding operations. The proposed method for mapping process is&

Thin films of vanadium oxide nanoparticles doped with different concentrations of europium oxide (2, 4, 6, and 8) wt % are deposited on glass and Si substrates with orientation (111) utilizing by pulsed laser deposition technique using Nd:YAG laser that has a wavelength of 1064 nm, average frequency of 6 Hz and pulse duration of 10 ns. The films were annealed in air at 300 °C for two hours, then the structural, morphological and optical properties are characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. The X-ray diffraction results of V2O5:Eu2O3 exhibit that the film has apolycrystalline monoclinic V2O5 and triclinic V4O7 phases. The FESEM image shows a h