STAG proteins, which are part of the cohesin complex and encoded by the STAG genes, are known as Irr1/Scc3 in yeast and as SA/STAG/stromalin in mammals. There are more variants as there are alternate splice sites, maybe three open reading frames (ORFs) code for three main proteins, including: SA1 (STAG1), SA2 (STAG2) and SA3 (STAG3). The cohesin protein complex has various essential roles in eukaryotic cell biology. This study compared the expression of the STAG1 gene in four different breast cancer cell lines, including: MCF-7, T-47D, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231 and normal breast tissue. RNA was extracted from these cell lines and mRNA was converted to cDNA, and then expression of the STAG1 gene was quantified by three sets of specific prim

Objective: Breast cancer is regarded as a deadly disease in women causing lots of mortalities. Early diagnosis of breast cancer with appropriate tumor biomarkers may facilitate early treatment of the disease, thus reducing the mortality rate. The purpose of the current study is to improve early diagnosis of breast by proposing a two-stage classification of breast tumor biomarkers fora sample of Iraqi women.

Methods: In this study, a two-stage classification system is proposed and tested with four machine learning classifiers. In the first stage, breast features (demographic, blood and salivary-based attributes) are classified into normal or abnormal cases, while in the second stage the abnormal breast cases are

Abstract Background:Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. Although mastectomy is considered the treatment of choice for the majority of cases of breast cancer; a noticeable percentage of breast cancer survivors claim they were never advised about reconstruction. It has been proven that breast reconstruction helps breast cancer survivors to overcome the trauma of their diagnosis and improve their psychological well-being.Objectives: To assess the level of awareness and expectations regarding breast reconstruction surgery among female with breast cancer survivors in Baghdad, and to find if there is association between sociodemographic data and expectations of breast reconstruction.Methodology: This is a cross sectional stu

Background: Breast Cancer is the commonest type of malignancy in Iraq. The Iraqi Cancer Registry displays an obvious trend for the disease to affect younger women with advanced stages at the time of presentation. This report presents a review on the main demographic characteristics and clinicopathological parameters in Iraqi patients diagnosed with breast cancer.
Patients & Methods: The study was carried out on 721 out of a total of 5044 patients (14.3%) who complained of palpable breast lumps that were diagnosed as cancer. The procedure for tumor nuclear DNA Ploidy assessment was performed by means of Image Cytometry. Immuno-cytochemical and  histochemical assays were applied for the determination of

     In this study, the effect of increasing pump pulse energy and delay time on the energy conversion efficiency of the Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) crystal at room temperature was investigated. It was found that the higher the pump pulse the greater the efficiency at a certain value of the delay time. Moreover, at the delay time 3.524ns, we found that the efficiency of the conversion of energy increases from 0.0112 to 0.0159. We  also observed that the lower delay time between the pump and the probe pulses leads to increase the rate of energy conversion efficiency of the KTP crystal, where the reaches up to 3, which is higher than the value recorded in the absence of a pump pulse. The highest value of the

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) known to be transmitted through blood and blood products and has been implicated as a major cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide.
Objective: This study aim to detect the relationship between the HBV and HCV infections with ABO blood groups and age of blood donor in Al- Ramadi city.
Patients & Methods: We conducted Hepatitis B surface antigen test strip (ACON Laboratories) (USA) and HCVAb, as step to detect the infections among blood donors at the laboratories for central blood bank in Alanbar health directory, M.O.H. The results of this study were analyzed statistically using the T-test to find the significance of&nbs

Background: The early detection of oral cancers gives the greatest chance of curing and the delay in presentation has a significant impact on the associated morbidity and mortality. The lack of general dental practitioners (GDP) knowledge in early cancer detection has been shown to contribute to delays in referral and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral cancer awareness among a group of GDP by assessing their knowledge of detection and prevention of oral cancer. Materials and methods: A questionnaire based study was designed. The questionnaire was delivered to 200 GDP assessing oral examination method, knowledge of oral cancer risk factors, clinical appearance and the most common site, point of referral and requests

Background: According to several animal and human studies, Vitamin D appears to play a substantial role in the development of diabetic nephropathy, However, the possibility of vitamin D's Reno protective impact and influence on the reversal of already-existing renal damage remains speculative. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are ubiquitous worldwide and have been linked to a variety of pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes, allergies, autoimmune illnesses, pregnancy difficulties, and, more recently, worse COVID-19 clinical outcomes. From a translational perspective, the goal of this review is to look into the potential function of vitamin D in the development of diabetic kidney diseases

Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic pathogen in which the reactivation of a latent infection can cause death in congenitally infected fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the seropositivity of toxoplasmosis infection and the possible association with Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and Interleukin-23 (IL-23) cytokines in breast cancer patients. In this study, 190 women were enrolled. All serum samples were tested for T. gondii immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) antibodies and (IL-12, IL-23) levels using ELISA technique. The result of this study showed that breast cancer patients recorded the highest percentage of toxoplasmosis infection. There were no positivity rates for anti- Toxopl

Trichomoniasis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. It is the most common sexually transmitted protozoal infection. There is no estimated of infection intensity among reproductive-age females. Further studies of the infection intensity of trichomoniasis and other vaginal infection will highlight the importance of this pathogen as a public health problem. A total of 614 females from Baghdad city were screened for T. vaginalis from March 2015 to September 2015. Females aged 13–61 years old provided vaginal swab specimens. The vaginal fluids extracted from these swabs were checked for the presence of T. vaginalis and other vaginal infection using microscopic examination. Overall, 525 (85.5%) of 614 was scr