The objective of this study was to assess the levels of antiMullerian hormone (AMH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosteron, luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) as markers of spermatogenesis between fertile and infertile males. This study was conducted at (AlRamadi Teaching Hospital for maternity and children) and included 136 males partners of infertile couples. Samples were classified according to the WHO criteria of semen analysis into three groups; Azoospermia, Oligospermia, and normal(control). Assay levels of these hormones were made in the serum and the semen of each sample. The results showed that the level of AMH in serum samples was non-significantly decreased (P>0.05) in both Azoospermia and Oligospermia groups compared to control (6.74±3.21 ng/ml and 6.01±0.25 ng/ml vs. 12.81±7.69 ng/ml). While FSH and LH levels, there were non-significantly(P > 0.05) increased in both azoospermia and Oligospermia compared to control (FSH: 12.11±8.14 mIU/ml and 7.22±6.06 mIU/mlvs.3.14±1.27 mIU/ml; LH: 10.04±7.23 mIU/ml and 7.62±3.30 mIU/ml vs.5.57±2.03mIU/ml).In addition, there were non- significant differences (P> 0.05) of testosterone hormone level among the studied groups. Such, there was a non-significant decreased level of E2 (P> 0.05) in both Azoospermia and Oligospermiagroups compared to control (170.49±37.57 ng/ml and 137.20±53.92 ng/ml vs. 194.91±41.66 ng/ml).İn contrast to semen samples, the results of AMH showed a significant (P< 0.05) decreased level in both Azoospermia and Oligospermia compared to control (8.24±4.17 ng/ml and 8.85±4.79 ng/ml vs. 13.33±0.77 ng/ml). FSH level was non-significant (P> 0.05) increased in Azoospermia and Oligospermia compared to control (3.97±1.91 mIU/ml and 4.09±2.50 mIU/ml vs. 2.47±1.29 mIU/ml). Such, there were non-significant (P> 0.05) increased levels of LH and testosterone hormones in both Azoospermia and control compared to Oligospermia (9.35±6.02 mIU/ml and 5.99±4.43 mIU/ml vs. 4.06±2.82 mIU/ml), and significant (P< 0.05) increased level of E2 in both Azoospermia and Oligospermia compared to control (241.36±35.32 ng/ml and 220.86±48.96 ng/ml vs. 170.71±73.52 ng/ml).The study concluded that the AMH, FSH and E2 hormones levels in serum and semen samples may have been associated with the sperm production and may be a good marker for spermatogenesis, as well as Sertoli cell development. In addition, the age played a critical role in the level of the studied hormones.
Abstract
Leadership has now become a process for applying methods and techniques that make the Organization at the top of its competitive pyramid a greater market share. Leadership has become a focus for all leaders and managers، and leaders and managers are increasingly seeking to develop their skills and leadership skills. The research started with a clear problem of specific questions to ensure that the general objective of the research is to describe the characteristics of the leader and to clarify the dimensions of empowering the workers and to highlight the role of the leader in empowering the workers. The study examines the relation between the role of the leader in
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In the city of Hebron, small business industrial organizations face a major challenge related to its ability to reach, attract and sustain a sufficient number of customers in order to ensure its continuity and sustainability. The research problem is summarized in an attempt to reveal how the e-marketing could improve and support the marketing effectiveness of small business industrial organizations in the city of Hebron/Palestine. The importance of this research stems from the fact that it addresses a new knowledge branch of the field of marketing, which is electronic marketing for small business organizations, and the fact that the research highlights appropriate marketing solutions for these organizations in light of the Intern
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A skin condition known as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), which lacks an obvious triggering factor, is characterized by recurrent transient wheals, angioedema, or both for longer than six weeks. the current study was focused to study compared and diagnosis CSU by using heamatological and immunological parameters as (White blood cell count, eosinophils (EO), IL-6 and Total-IgE, in Chronic Urticaria patients were Clinically diagnosed by dermatologists in Specialized Center of Allergy in Baghdad/Al-Rusafa with age ranged between (11-60), as well as a control group included 40 with age ranged between (11-60). The results of demographic and clinical characteristics displayed the rate of female patients was higher than male which repr
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Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lipid profile may be associated with some diseases. Parasitic diseases have also been reported to be associated with ADA and lipid profiles. This study aimed to evaluate ADA, lipid profile, and total protein among children infected with E.vermicularis. This research was carried out in Baghdad province from October 2021 to the end of March 2022. One hundred samples were collected from both sexes, ranging in age from (3-16) years. They all underwent examination for ADA, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total protein levels. Results showed no significant differences between E.vermicularis positive group and E.vermicularis negative group regarding ADA, LDL, and trig
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The research aims to identify the relationship between spatial ability and the physical structure of concepts to the students of the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn al-Haitham، research involved students from the third class / morning study for the year 2011/2012 totaling (98) male and female students ،distributed into three groups which were selected randomly . The number of students (26 males and females) represented research sample after excluding repeaters and absentees، the research included two tests ; one test of spatial ability، which included (20) items and other test the physical structure of concepts، which included (12) items distributed into four domains ، the first (linking b
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Abstract
This research attempt to explain the essential aspects of one important model in management of Bank risks , that is (stress testing) , which increase the concentrate on it resulting the negative affects of Global financial crisis that it accuar in 2008 to study the application possibilities in iraqian banks to enhancing the safety and financial soundness Becuase the classical tools in Risk management don’t give clear image on Banks ability in facing risks, hence the Basel committee on Banking supervision focusing in agreement of Basel 2,3 on stress testing when it doing the internal capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP) .
To achieving the reseach obje
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Back ground: Diabetic nephropathy is rapidly becoming the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The onset and course of DN can be ameliorated to a very significant degree if intervention institutes at a point very early in the course of the development of this complication.
Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize risk factors associated with nephropathy in type I diabetes and construct a module for early prediction of diabetic nephropathy (DN) by analyzing their risk factors.
Methods: Case control design of 400 patients with type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM), aged 19-45 years. The cases were 200 diabetic patients with overt protein urea while the controls were 200 diabetic patients with no protein urea or micr
Abstract
This study highlights the importance of Iraq in the analysis of foreign trade and economic growth for the period (1980 - 2013) is an attempt to determine the equilibrium relationship long term and short term between these two variables were used ARDL model to explain the economic relationship between the two variables.
To achieve the objectives of the research has been the standard model estimate after testing the stability of exports X data series, and imports M, and GDP current prices, and exchange rate EXR, and verify the existence of a joint integration relationship between these variables.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research it
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(2)
This study is carried out on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to assess the lipid profile, malondialdehyde and glutathione. Our study is concerned with 51 (Iraqi Arab females) patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with 31 control subjects unified in age, sex and ethnic background. Lipid profile is measured by using commercially available kits, while the serum MDA and glutathione levels are measured by means of sandwich ELISA test using commercially available kits. Serum MDA is significantly higher (P<0.001) while glutathione is significantly lower (P<0.001) in type 2 diabetic patients when compared to the control. The normal levels of MDA (3.82 ± 0.77n mol/ml) and GSH (2.23 ± 0.54 µg/ml) recorded for the non-diabetic female
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