The Normalization Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), for many years, was widely used in remote sensing for the detection of vegetation land cover. This index uses red channel radiances (i.e., 0.66 μm reflectance) and near-IR channel (i.e., 0.86 μm reflectance). In the heavy chlorophyll absorption area, the red channel is located, while in the high reflectance plateau of vegetation canopies, the Near-IR channel is situated. Senses of channels (Red & Near- IR) read variance depths over vegetation canopies. In the present study, a further index for vegetation identification is proposed. The normalized difference vegetation shortwave index (NDVSI) is defined as the difference between the cubic bands of Near- IR and Shortwave infrared radiation (SWIR) divided by their sums. The radiances or reflectances are included in this index from the Near-IR channel and WSIR2 channel (2.1 μm). The NDVSI is less sensitivite to atmospheric effects as compared to NDVI. By comparing the one NDVSI index with the two indexes (NDVI, SAVI) of vegetation cover, good correlations were found between NDVI and NDVSI (R2=0.917) and between SAVI and NDVSI (R2=0.809. Accordingly, the proposed index can be taken into consideration as an independent vegetation index
3D seismic reflection study was applied to Abu Amood oil field which is located at the southern part of Iraq within DhiQar province that carried out by oil Exploration Company to an area of 1534.88 Km2 for studying Nahr Umr Formation. Synthetic seismogram was prepared by using available data of well (AAM-1) in order to define and picking the reflectors on the seismic section. These reflectors are (Top of Nahr Umr Formation and middle unit of Nahr Umr Formation which represents the layer of sand). The seismic section time slice maps confirmed that the Nahr Umr Formation was not affected by faults and the faults may probably present in the Ratawai and Yamama Formations, where the variance attribute applied on seismic sections showed that t
... Show MoreDifferent frequency distributions models were fitted to the monthly data of raw water Turbidity at water treatment plants (WTPs) along Tigris River in Baghdad. Eight water treatment plants in Baghdad were selected, with raw water turbidity data for the period (2008-2014). The frequency distribution models used in this study are the Normal, Log-normal, Weibull, Exponential and two parameters Gamma type. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit. The data for years (2008-2011) were used for building the models. The best fitted distributions were Log-Normal (LN) for Al-Karkh, Al-Wathbah, Al-Qadisiya, Al-Dawrah and, Al-Rashid WTPs. Gamma distribution fitted well for East Tigris and Al-Karamah
... Show MoreThe change in the optical band gap and optical activation energy have been investigated for pure Poly (vinyl alcohol)and Poly (vinyl alcohol) doped with Aluminum sulphate to proper films from their optical absorption spectra. The absorption spectra were measured in the wave range from (200-700) nm at temperature range (25-140) 0C. The optical band gap (Eg) for allowed direct transition decrease with increase the concentration of Aluminum sulphate. The optical activation energy for allowed direct transition band gap was evaluated using Urbach- edges method. It was found that ?E increases with increasing the concentration of Al2 (SO4)3 and decreases when temperature increases.
The present work involved a study the effect of cobalt(II) complex with formula [CoL(H2O)NO3] .4ETOH where L=Nitro [5-(P-nitro phenyl) -4-phenyl-1,2,4 traizole-3-dithiocarbamato hydrazide] aqua. (4) Ethanol and anti-cancer drug - cyclophosphamide on specific activity of two liver enzymes (GPT,ALP) by utilizing an in vivo system in female mice. On the enzymatic level an inhibition in the activity of GPT was noticed in different body organs such as liver, kidney and lung. The inhibition was noticed in both test and cyclophosphamide drug (cp). Mice were treated with three doses of cyclophosphamide (90,180, 250) ?g/ mouse for three days. The same doses were used for the cobalt (II) complex. The liver shows the highest rate of(GPT) inhibition co
... Show MoreGeotechnical soil problems underneath foundation of hydraulic structures occurs due to engineering soil properties, geological setting and hydraulic properties of the projects. Two finite element programs of Geoslope 2012 software, SIGMA/W and SEEP/W, were used for analysis of in situ stresses, load deformation behavior, seepage quantity and vertical gradient below Teeb weir foundation, to compute factors of safety against seepage uplift. The site soil is a granular (gravel, sand and silt), weakly cemented soil cohered by gypsum and clay materials. The area has low lying topography, with slightly tectonic activities. The model results show that the upstream side stresses are reduced while the pore pressure are in
... Show MoreAbstract: The aim of the research identify the effect of using the five-finger strategy in learning a movement chain on the balance beam apparatus for students in the third stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Science, as well as to identify which groups (experimental and controlling) are better in learning the kinematic chain on the balance beam device, has been used The experimental approach is to design the experimental and control groups with pre-and post-test. The research sample was represented by third-graders, as the third division (j) was chosen by lot to represent the experimental group, and a division Third (i) to represent the control group, after which (10) students from each division were tested by lot to repr
... Show MoreThis study is dedicated to investigate the effects of initial laser intensity on the nonlinear optical properties of the laser dye DQOCI dissolved in methanol with a concentration of 10 -5 M and doped with PMMA film. The properties were studied by using open and closed aperture Z-scan technique, with different levels of initial intensity (I0), excited by continuous diode solid-state laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. Three lenses of different focal lengths were employed to change the radius of the Gaussian laser beam and then change the initial intensity. For I0= 6.83 and 27.304 kWatt/cm2, the Z-scan curves show a saturation of absorption (SA) known as the negative type of nonlinearity, in which
... Show MoreDelays and disruption are a common issue in both community and personal building programs The problem exists all throughout the world, but it is particularly prevalent in Iraq, where millions of dollars are squandered each time as a outcome. Delays and interruptions may have serious consequences not just for Iraq's construction plans, but also for the country's economic and social status. While numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the factors driving delays and disruption in Iraqi construction projects, slight consideration has been given to by what means project management implements and approaches have affected the occurrence of project delays and disruption. After analyzing the crucial reasons for delays and instability in
... Show MoreThe solar radiation plays an important role on the energy balance of the earthatmosphere, which is the main source of energy. Also the solar radiation is a main factor of all applications which use a solar energy as renewable energy source. The purpose of this research is to study the monthly average changes for solar radiation for the period from 1985 to 1989 by using satellite Antenna Alignment from (NASA). The result shows that the monthly average radiation changes from one year to another because of the changing of it component of atmosphere, (gases, clouds and Aerosols) and as an enhancement for this conclusion, we compared the results with the monthly average radiation at clear atmosphere where the change was slig
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