Evapotranspiration (ET) is produced from vegetation transpiration and soil evaporation. The ET measurements must be considered to study water management systems and irrigation (planning, designing and operating). This study is based on USGS (United States Geological Survey) data by the SSEBop (Simplified Surface Energy Balance) model to estimate the total annual amount of ET using ArcGIS software. The ET values were determined for seventeen years from 2003 to 2019. Also, these values for year 2020 were estimated based on the value of the monthly ET for seven months, i.e. until August by summation. The field data of gauge stations spread throughout Iraq for the year 2012 were used to verify the ET values for the same year. There was distinct compatibility between them. For the four years 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, the area of zero ET was a little more than half the area of Iraq (56%). While the years from 2003 to 2016, the average percentage of the area was about 24% of Iraq’s area. For classification for ET values 0 - 50 mm, the area percentage was 29% of total area for years from 2003 to 2016, while from 2017 to 2020 the percentage was 10%. The ET values of 50-100 mm have an area ratio of 12% of total area for years 2003 to 2016, while the percentage was 4% for the remaining years. For all years of study, the area percentage was approximately the same for ET values greater than 100 mm. The study recommends increasing the water quotas and speeding up the construction of strategic projects in Iraq to compensate the shortage of vegetation cover, especially in last the four years, more than half of the area had ET values equal to zero.
The objective of this research is to select the most suitable drilling location of new groundwater exploration wells, with a decision-making tool from Geographic Information System (GIS). The optimum location will be evaluated base on the hydro-geoelectrical parameter derived from Vertical Electrical Sound (VES) including Longitudinal Conductance, the thickness of the aquifer, the apparent resistivity and Transmissivity. From the Geo-electrical method (VES) the finds shows that the aquifers in the study area have Apparent Resistivity ranging from 0.32 to 40.24 Ωm, Thickness between 0.21 m to 15.06 m, Longitudinal Conductance ranging from 0.006 to 10.246Ω-1 and Transmissivity ranging from 0.14 to
... Show MoreWater is necessary for sustainable development and healthy society. Groundwater, often, is not sufficient and protected for direct human consumption. Due to increase in the density of population the requirement of water is increasing. In this work, the assessment of groundwater quality was conducted in the south-west part of Basrah province. Spatial variations in the quality of groundwater in the study area have been analyzed utilizing GIS technique. The geochemical parameters of groundwater samples including pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, HCO3, SO4, and NO3 were assessed in this study. Information maps of the study area have been actually prepared to make use of the GIS spatial
... Show MoreThe use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) are among the most efficient modern tools to study the varied natural resources in terms of localization, identification of characteristics, and the study of its dynamics. Thus, the aim of this study is to show the importance of remote sensing and Geographical Information System in studying the Guercif irrigated plain. We will first process and analyze satellite images using the program (Erdas IMAGINE 15. 00) and then create thematic maps illustrating the irrigated area's evolution (ArcGIS 10.8). The results revealed that since the late 20th century, the area of Guercif Plain has expanded significantly, with the total irrigated space that has been doubled many
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The research aims to diagnose the reality of applying the eighth requirement (operation) of the business continuity management system according to the international standard (ISO 22301: 2019), in the General Tax Authority, which is related to planning, implementing and controlling specific processes and procedures to address risks and opportunities, and the research adopted the checklist of the standard ( ISO 22301: 2019), in obtaining information, to measure the extent of application and documentation, the percentages and the weighted arithmetic mean were relied upon, and the research reached a set of result
... Show MoreThe Geographic Information System (GIS) is considered one of the most prominent programs used to collect, analyze, display, process, and produce geographic information maps for a specific purpose. It is also considered one of the modern database programs. Additionally, we can perform statistical analysis within GIS on predefined data to produce quantitative results. In this study, data was collected from more than 80 engineering projects established in Baghdad City from soil investigation reports for the projects. Geographic information systems were used to produce objective maps showing the variation in the bearing capacity of shallow foundations in the soil of Baghdad Governorate. I
Carbon Monoxide (CO) has a significant indirect effect on greenhouse gasses due to its ozone and carbon dioxide precursor, and its mechanism of degradation involving the hydroxyl radical (OH) which control the oxidizing ability of the tropospheric. To understand the effect of human activities on atmospheric composition, accurate estimates of the sources of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) are necessary. MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) is a NASA Terra satellite instrument designed to allow both Thermal-Infra-Red (TIR) and Near-Infra-Red (NIR) observations to be used to collect vertical CO profiles in the Troposphere via the concept of correlation spectroscopy. The objective of the current stu
... Show MoreThe study aimed to reach the best rating for the views and variables in the totals characterized by qualities and characteristics common within each group and distinguish them from aggregates other for the purpose of distinguishing between Iraqi provinces which suffer from deprivation, for the purpose of identifying the status of those provinces in the early allowing interested parties and regulators to intervene to take appropriate corrective action in a timely manner. Style has been used cluster analysis Cluster analysis to reach the best rating to those totals from the provinces that suffer from problems, where the provinces were classified, based on the variables (Edu
... Show MoreRemote sensing is a source of up-to-date information. The present study relied on various approaches for gathering information, including descriptive, quantitative and quantitative analytical processes. Particularly, we conducted the analysis of the satellite data ETM + of the satellite Landsat7 and the digital models of Digital Elevation Model of SRTM using ArcGIS9.2. The model depends on primary mathematical equations and constitutes an essential base for GIS applications that rely on data, computer, and software, performing the processes of data entry, analysis and processing. This paper deals with the geomorphological characteristics of a selected study area in Kirkuk province. The cha
... Show MoreIn this research, the one of the most important model and widely used in many and applications is linear mixed model, which widely used to analysis the longitudinal data that characterized by the repeated measures form .where estimating linear mixed model by using two methods (parametric and nonparametric) and used to estimate the conditional mean and marginal mean in linear mixed model ,A comparison between number of models is made to get the best model that will represent the mean wind speed in Iraq.The application is concerned with 8 meteorological stations in Iraq that we selected randomly and then we take a monthly data about wind speed over ten years Then average it over each month in corresponding year, so we g
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