An NH3 gas sensor was prepared from nanocomposite films of indium oxide-copper oxide mixtures with ratios of 0 , 10 , and 20 Vol % of copper oxide. The films were deposited on a glass substrate using chemical spray pyrolysis method (CSP) at 400oC. The structural properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy ( AFM). The structural results showed that the prepared thin films are polycrystalline, with nano grain size. By mixing copper oxide with indium oxide, the grain size of the prepared thin films was decreased and the surface roughness was increased. The UV-Visible spectrometer analysis showed that the prepared thin films have high transmittance. This transmittance was decreased by mixing copper oxide with indium oxide. The direct optical energy gap ranged 3.5 - 3 eV, which was decreased with increasing copper oxide concentration. The sensitivity of the prepared gas sensor was measured towards NH3 gas at a concentration of 71ppm with operating temperatures of 100, 150, 200, 250 and 30) oC, according to the change of sensor resistance. This sensitivity of the mixture oxides showed a value of about nine times greater than that of individual indium oxide thin films. The results of the optimum gas sensor properties demonstrated a sensitivity value of 75.06%, response time of 10s, and recovery time of 11 s, at a mixing ratio of 20% of copper oxide and an operating temperature of 200oC.
Recently, renewable energy (RE), such as solar energy, sources have proven their importance as an alternative source of fuel. The utilizing of solar energy can contribute to move the world towards relying on clean energy to curb global warming. However, the placement of solar farms is a major priority for planners as it is a critical factor in the succession energy project. This study combines one of the multi-criteria decision-making techniques Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess the suitability of land for establishing solar farms in Iraq. Numerous climatic, geomorphological, economic, and environmental criteria and some exclusionary constraints have been adopted in mode
... Show MoreThis paper presents ABAQUS simulations of fully encased composite columns, aiming to examine the behavior of a composite column system under different load conditions, namely concentric, eccentric with 25 mm eccentricity, and flexural loading. The numerical results are validated with the experimental results obtained for columns subjected to static loads. A new loading condition with a 50 mm eccentricity is simulated to obtain additional data points for constructing the interaction diagram of load-moment curves, in an attempt to investigate the load-moment behavior for a reference column with a steel I-section and a column with a GFRP I-section. The result comparison shows that the experimental data align closely with the simulation
... Show MoreWe studied the effect of certain environmental conditions for removing heavy metal elements from contaminated aqueous solutions (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cr) using the bacterium Bacillus subtilis to appoint the optimal conditions for removal ,The best optimum temperature range for two isolate was 30-35○C while the hydrogen number for the maximum mineral removal range was 6-7. The best primary mineral removal was 100 mg/L, while the maximum removal for all minerals was obtained after 6 hrs of Cu element time and the maximum removal efficiency was obtained after 24 hrs of Cu element. The results have proved that the best aeration for maximum removal was obtained at rotation speed of 150 rpm/minute. Inoculums of 5ml/100ml which contained 1
... Show MoreThis research seeks to determine the nature of the relationship that brought together writing and memories,These memories have given the play (Bells and Trains) a new life, and brought it from one mold to another , And she re-drawn and produced it through words and imagination, and since they are important dramatic keys, they gave the writer the ability to maneuver. This play embodies part of the writer's suffering and an important part of his life It represents a journey into memories of the past through which the writer tried to narrate events that he lived and knew from his friends and relatives, It is the events of the Holocaust and its repercussions on the psyche of the Jews. This play is like a journey in memory with many feelings of
... Show MoreThis research is an attempt to study aspects of syntactic deviation in AbdulWahhab Al-Bayyati with reference to English. It reviews this phenomenon from an extra-linguistic viewpoint. It adopts a functional approach depending on the stipulates of systemic Functional Grammar as developed by M.A.K. Halliday and others adopting this approach. Within related perspective, fairly’s taxonomy (1975) has been chosen to analyze the types of syntactic deviation because it has been found suitable and relevant to describe this phenomenon. The research hypothesizes that syntactic deviation is pervasive in Arabic poetry, in general and in Abdul-Wahhab Al-Bayyati Poetry in specific, and can be analyzed in the light of systemic Functional Grammar
... Show MoreThe study aimed to examine the sensitivity to stress and its relation to positive mood among educational supervisors. The researcher used the descriptive approach as more an appropriate method for the current study. The sample is composed of (200) educational supervisor. To collect study data, two scales have been used: one scale to measure the sensitivity to stress and the other to measure the positive mood. The results indicated that a high level of sensitivity to stress with low level of positive mood among educational supervisors, sensitivity to stress showed significant differences among the sample regarding to major. There is no correlation between sensitivity to stress and positive mood, and finally, there are no significant diffe
... Show MoreA mathematical model has been introduced to investigate the effect of nuclear reaction constant ( A ), probability of the BEC ground state occupation Ω i, nD is the number density of deuteron (d) and the overall number of nuclei ND on the total nuclear d-d fusion rate (R). Under steady-state of the condensates of Bose-Einstein, the postulate of quantum theory and Bose-Einstein theory were applied to evaluate the total nuclear (d-d) fusion rate trapping in Nickel-metal The total nuclear fusion rate trapping predicts a strong relationship between astrophysical S-factor and masses of Nickel. The reaction rate trapping model was tested on three reaction d(d,p)T, d(d, n)3He and d(d, 4He)Q = 23.8MeV respectively. The reaction rate has described
... Show MoreThe Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is commonly used as a measure of land surface greenness based on the assumption that NDVI value is positively proportional to the amount of green vegetation in an image pixel area. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data set of Landsat based on the remote sensing information is used to estimate the area of plant cover in region west of Baghdad during 1990-2001. The results show that in the period of 1990 and 2001 the plant area in region of Baghdad increased from (44760.25) hectare to (75410.67) hectare. The vegetation area increased during the period 1990-2001, and decreases the exposed area.