Strengthening of the existing structures is an important task that civil engineers continuously face. Compression members, especially columns, being the most important members of any structure, are the most important members to strengthen if the need ever arise. The method of strengthening compression members by direct wrapping by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) was adopted in this research. Since the concrete material is a heterogeneous and complex in behavior, thus, the behavior of the confined compression members subjected to uniaxial stress is investigated by finite element (FE) models created using Abaqus CAE 2017 software.

The aim of this research is to study experime

Global climate change has shown to have a significant impact on critical ecosystems, that in turn has led to elevated CO₂ and temperatures that accompany changes in many abiotic factors, including mangrove forests, facing challenges in their habitat. This study conducted to investigate the morphological and physiological characteristic of the mangrove Rhizophora apiculata in response to elevated CO₂ concentration and air temperature for the selection of tree species that are able to adapt to climate change. The seedlings were grown in controlled growth chambers with two temperatures, 21 and 38°C, under elevated CO₂ at 650 ppm for three months. The plants watered with two liters of saline water

Arthropod-borne infections, known as vector-borne diseases, are a significant threat to both humans and animals. These diseases are transmitted to humans and animals through the bites of infected arthropods. In the last half century, there have been a number of unexpected viral outbreaks in Middle Eastern countries. Recently, Iraq has witnessed an outbreak of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus with high morbidity and mortality rates in humans. However, very little is known about the prevalence and distribution of CCHFV in Iraq, and therefore, it is impossible to quantify the risk of infection. CCHFV is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. However, transmission can also occur through contact with the blood or ti

The purpose of this research is defining the main factors influencing on decision of management system on sensitive data in cloud. The framework is proposed to enhance management information systems decision on sensitive information in cloud environment. The structured interview with several security experts working on cloud computing security to investigate the main objective of framework and suitability of instrument, a pilot study conducts to test the instrument. The validity and reliability test results expose that study can be expanded and lead to final framework validation. This framework using multilevel related to Authorization, Authentication, Classification and identity anonymity, and save and verify, to enhance management

A nonlinear filter for smoothing color and gray images
corrupted by Gaussian noise is presented in this paper. The proposed
filter designed to reduce the noise in the R,G, and B bands of the
color images and preserving the edges. This filter applied in order to
prepare images for further processing such as edge detection and
image segmentation.
The results of computer simulations show that the proposed
filter gave satisfactory results when compared with the results of
conventional filters such as Gaussian low pass filter and median filter
by using Cross Correlation Coefficient (ccc) criteria.

In this work, a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) sensor based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology was proposed. A thin layer of gold (Au) was deposited on a D-shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF), which was coated with plasmonic chemically stable gold material with a thickness of 40nm. The performance parameters like sensitivity including wavelength sensitivity and amplitude sensitivity and resolution were evaluated by simulation using COMSOL software. The proposed sensor was created by using the finite element approach, it is numerically examined. The results show that the surface of D-shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber coated with Au behaves as a sensor to detect the refractive index (IR) of toxic metal ions. The impacts of the str

     The science of information security has become a concern of many researchers, whose efforts are trying to come up with solutions and technologies that ensure the transfer of information in a more secure manner through the network, especially the Internet, without any penetration of that information, given the risk of digital data being sent between the two parties through an insecure channel. This paper includes two data protection techniques. The first technique is cryptography by using Menezes Vanstone elliptic curve ciphering system, which depends on public key technologies. Then, the encoded data is randomly included in the frame, depending on the seed used. The experimental results, using a PSNR within avera

As cities across the world grow and the mobility of populations increases, there has also been a corresponding increase in the number of vehicles on roads. The result of this has been a proliferation of challenges for authorities with regard to road traffic management. A consequence of this has been congestion of traffic, more accidents, and pollution. Accidents are a still major cause of death, despite the development of sophisticated systems for traffic management and other technologies linked with vehicles. Hence, it is necessary that a common system for accident management is developed. For instance, traffic congestion in most urban areas can be alleviated by the real-time planning of routes. However, the designing of an efficie