doi:10.24996/ijs.2021.62.4.18

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Publication Date

Fri Apr 30 2021

Journal Name

Iraqi Journal Of Science

Volume

62

Issue Number

4

DOI

10.24996/ijs.2021.62.4.18

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On y-closed Dual Rickart Modules

Endomorphism ring

y-closed submodule

Image of endomorphism

y-closed simple

y-closed dual Rickart modules

Bahar Hamad

Mohammed Qader

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In this paper, we develop the work of Ghawi on close dual Rickart modules and discuss y-closed dual Rickart modules with some properties. Then, we prove that, if are y-closed simple -modues and if -y-closed is a dual Rickart module, then either Hom ( ) =0 or . Also, we study the direct sum of y-closed dual Rickart modules.

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Publication Date

Fri Jul 29 2022

Journal Name

Journal For Vascular Ultrasound

A Comparative Study of the Right and Left Carotid Arteries in Relation to Age for Patients With Diabetes and Hypertension

Introduction: Age

hypertension

and diabetes can cause significant alterations in arterial structure and function

including changes in lumen diameter (LD)

intimal-medial thickness (IMT)

flow velocities

and arterial compliance. These are also considered risk markers of atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular disease. A difference between right and left carotid artery blood flow and IMT has been reported by some researchers

and a difference in the incidence of nonlacunar stroke has been reported between the right and left brain hemispheres. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between the right and left common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries in patients with hypertension and diabetes for 2 age groups. Methods: We studied 250 patients with both diabetes and hypertension. Patients were divided into 2 age groups with the old age group being 56 to 75 years and the young age group 35 to 55 years. The bilateral common carotid and internal carotid arteries were evaluated with B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examinations. The LD and IMT were measured for both common carotid arteries

and spectral waveform parameters and indices were recorded for both internal carotid arteries. Results: The difference in LD between the left and right common carotid arteries for the old age group was 11.64% and for the young age group was 6.42%

with significant P values of <.05 for both age groups. The difference in IMT between the left and right common carotid arteries was 18.27% in the old age group compared with 15.38% in the young age group

with significant P values of <.05. There was a difference in peak systolic velocity between the left and right internal carotid arteries of 4.85% in the old age group which was not significant

compared with 14.28% in the young age group with a significant P value <.05

whereas the difference in end-diastolic velocity between the left and right internal carotid arteries was not significant for both age groups. Differences between the right and left internal carotid arteries for resistive index

pulsatility index

and pressure gradient were significant only in the young age group. Conclusion: We found significant differences between the right and left common carotid and internal carotid arteries in patients with diabetes and hypertension which were more prominent in the young age group. Values for common carotid IMT and LD were significantly higher in the left common carotid artery versus the right common carotid artery in both age groups. Differences between the 2 carotid sides may be attributed to anatomic variations in the common carotid artery origins which lead to differences in stress between the 2 sides

Ahmed Abduljabar

Samar I.

Anmar Z

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Introduction:

Age, hypertension, and diabetes can cause significant alterations in arterial structure and function, including changes in lumen diameter (LD), intimal-medial thickness (IMT), flow velocities, and arterial compliance. These are also considered risk markers of atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular disease. A difference between right and left carotid artery blood flow and IMT has been reported by some researchers, and a difference in the incidence of nonlacunar stroke has been reported between the right and left brain hemispheres. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between the right and left common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries in patient

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