Pomegranate peels were used to remove zinc, chromium and nickel from industrial wastewater. Three forms of these peels (fresh, dried small pieces and powder) were tested under some environmental factors such as pH, temperature and contact time.
The obtained results showed that these peels are capable of removing zinc, chromium and nickel ions at significant capacities. The powder of the peels had the highest capability in bioremoving all zinc, chromium and nickel ions while dried peels had the lowest capacity again for all metals under test. However, the highest capacities were found in a sequence of chromium, nickel and zinc. Furthermore, all these data were significantly (LSD peel forms = 2.761 mg/l, LSD metal ions = 1.756 mg/l) varied.
In case of chromium, these figures were 69.7 ± 0.9 mg/l, 58.0 ± 2.4 mg/l and 49.7 ± 0.5 mg/l for powder, fresh and dried peels respectively. Regarding nickel ions, the data were 58.7 ± 1.1 mg/l for peel powder, 50.7 ± 2.0 mg/l for fresh peel and 42.0 ± 1.2 mg/l for dry peel. While for zinc ions, the biosorption capacity was 48.4 ± 2.2 mg/l, 39.4 ± 0.8 mg/l and 32.0 ± 1.6 mg/l for powder, fresh and dry peels respectively.
However, some examined factors were found to have significant impacts upon bioremoval capacity of pomegranate peels such as pH, temperature, and contact time where best biosorption capacities were found at pH 4, with temperature 50 Cº and contact time of 1 hour.
Regarding pH, the highest bioremoval ability was found at pH 4 for all heavy metals, but with the sequence of Cr, Ni, and Zn and the data were 68.1 ± 1.5 mg/l, 56.0 ± 0.5 mg/l and 47.88 ± 1.21 mg/l respectively. Similar pattern of bioremoval capacity was detected for temperature which was 50 Cº giving capacities of 72.0 ± 0.0 mg Cr/l, 60.0 ± 1.84 mg Ni/l and 54.0 ± 1.72 mg Zn/l. In case of contact time, these capacities were again similar to those of pH and temperature and found to be 76.0 ± 3.0 mg/l , 64.0 ± 1.82 mg/l and 60.0 ± 2.0 mg/l for Cr, Ni, and Zn respectively but at 1 hour contact time.
Five heavy metals, namely Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb in the surface water and through the water column were studied at 10 selected stations in the Razzazah lake and Karbala drainage canal for the period between November 1990 to October 1991*. pH and total hardness were also measured. Lead was found to be the highest in concentration as overall average values, followed by an manganese, iron, copper then cadmium at the surface as well as along the water column. All the studied metals were below or close to the maximum allowed limits of Iraqi standards for inland water. The spatial and seasonal variations were discussed.
Low salinity (LS) water flooding is a promising EOR method which has been examined by many experimental studies and field pilots for a variety of reservoirs and oils. This paper investigates applying LS flooding to a heavy oil. Increasing the LS water temperature improves heavy oil recovery by achieving higher sweep efficiency and improving oil mobility by lowering its viscosity. Steam flooding projects have reported many problems such as steam gravity override, but override can be lessened if the steam is is alternated with hot LS water. In this study, a series of reservoir sandstone cores were obtained from Bartlesville Sandstone (in Eastern Kansas) and aged with heavy crude oil (from the same reservoir) at 95°C for 45 days. Five reservo
... Show More
(1)
Sixteen water samples were collected from the operation units of the Al-Quds
power plant, north Baghdad city and the surrounding trocars, surface and
groundwater, and analyzed to assess the resulting pollution. The samples were
analyzed for heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, U and Zn) by
using inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results were
compared with local and international and standard limits. Heavy metals analysis of
the water samples shows that water of operation units and trocars have mean
concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, U and Zn were within or lower
than the national and world limits, while Mn and Ni were higher than these limits.
Concentrat
An evaluation of pollution level has been done for drinking water which is used in Kirkuk city by heavy metals ( As,Cd,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Zn,Cr,Pb) samples were collected during wet and dry of 2016-2017 from Kirkuk unified water supplied project (WTP) which is supply the city with drinking water, as well as from water of tanks type (GST2), and also from (tap water) (Zone3). The results showed the concentration of the (As,Cd,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Zn,Cr,Pb)inppbfor (WTP)are (0.5,0.6,6.45,38,4.6,2.5,6537,0.58,1.4) (0.6,0.8,6.76,46,5.5,3.5,6675,1,2.4) for (GST) (0.5,0.63,6.46,52.3,4.4,3.6,6550,0.6,2.5) (0.60,0.7,6.78,63.7,6.7,3.7,6680,1.1,2.6) and for tap water are (0.53,0.65,7.00,60.2,4.4,3.65,7200,0.8,2.7) (0.60, 0.71, 7.10, 67.6, 6.8,3.75,7320,0.9,2.75) f
... Show More
(1)
This study included the extraction properties of spatial and morphological basins studied using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model linked to (GIS) to find the amount of sediment and rates of flow that flows into the Haditha reservoir . The aim of this study is determine the amount of sediment coming from the valleys and flowing into the Haditha Dam reservoir for 25 years ago for the period (1985-2010) and its impact on design lifetime of the Haditha Dam reservoir and to determine the best ways to reduce the sediment transport. The result indicated that total amount of sediment coming from all valleys about (2.56 * 106 ton). The maximum annual total sediment load was about (488.22 * 103 ton) in year 1988
... Show MoreThe extrasolar planets in the vicinity of stars are expected to be bright enough
and are very difficult to be observed by direct detection. The problem is attributed to
the side loops of the star that created due to the telescope diffraction processing.
Several methods have been suggested in the literatures are being capable to detect
exoplanet at a separation angle of 4λ/D and at a contrast ratio of 10-10. These
methods are more than one parameter function and imposing limitations on the inner
working distance. New simple method based on a circular aperture combined with a
third power Gaussian function is suggested. The parameters of this function are then
optimized based on obtaining a minimum inner working dis
Violence is a very serious phenomenon affecting the upbringing and culture kids, are playing the most violent forms of development of these Phenomenon, the research aims to determine the role of the media in reducing violence, and conducted a field study on parents Children by 200 form, the results revealed the importance of the media in raising awareness of the risks of violence on the child Especially television, which hugely increased Show features, as well as the role of parents in guiding the child to buy Useful because the game to play negative impact of violence on children's health, and the media play an important role in raising awareness of these Risks through educational programs and television commercials, and o
... Show MoreBackground: laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is getting popularity for the treating of symptomatic gall bladder disease; conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy (OC) is also common.
Objective : To find out the prevalence of causes, risk factors of conversion from LC to OC among patient suffering from gall bladder disease, and to explore the most common causes of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of general surgery at Alkindy teaching hospital from first of January 2016 to the end of December 2017 .Nine hundred twenty patient were included. Patient age, gender, his
... Show More