Alien fish species have negative effects on the abundance, diversity and richness of native fish species in southern Iraq. The numbers of alien fish species are constantly increasing due to the entry of invasive species. This has resulted in shifts in the historical composition of fish community structure and scarcity of some native species which represent the keystone in the building of fish populations.

    Fish samples were monthly collected from three sites in southern Iraq (Al-Chibyaish marsh, the lower parts of Euphrates River, and the northern part of Shatt Al-Arab River) from April 2017 to June 2018. A total of 14,853 individuals of fish were sampled, which represented 26 species, 24 genera and 13 families

This study is concerned with the recent changes that occurred in the last three years (2017-2019) in the marshes region in southern Iraq as a result of the changes in the global climate, the study included all the water bodies in the five governorates that are located in the southern regions of Iraq (Wasit, Maysan, Dhi-Qar, Qadisiyah and Basrah), which represent the marshes lands in Iraq. Scenes of the Landsat 8 satellite are used to create a mosaic to cover the five governorates within a time window with the slightest difference between the date of the scene capture, not to exceed 8 days. The results of calculating the changes in water areas were obtained using the classifier support vector machine, where high accuracy ratios were recorded

Fifteen samples were collected from recent sediments grouping at 80 km east Samawa City, southern Iraq. Three selected samples for grain size analysis and twelve samples for chemical and biofacies analysis. Grain size analysis indicated that the sediment is mainly composed of the silt and clay with a small amount of sand. Most of the samples considered to be as clayey silt. The dominated non clay minerals are Quartz, Calcite, and Dolomite, while the clay minerals are composed of mixed Montmorillonite- Chlorite, Palygorskite, Illite and Kaolinite. Chemical analysis showed that all samples have high concentrations of SiO2 and CaO in comparison with Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3, K2O and N2O. The identified fauna

The present study aimed to explore the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of flaxseed oil on some locally isolated bacterial pathogens. No inhibitory effect was noticed against Escherichia coli or Enterococcus faecalis. However, variable effects were developed against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Klebsiella pneuminae and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The flaxseed exhibited antibiofilm activity against all tested bacterial isolates (MSSA, MRSA, S. epidermidis and K. pneumoniae) and showed various degrees of inhibition against them. Experimental wounds were healed by application of flaxseed oil. In conclusion, flaxseed oil is a good alternative medication can be u

The meteorological data recorded in Al-Hilla station for the period (1984-2014) were used to describe the climatic condition of the Greater Musaiyab Project lies in Babylon Governorate, 90Km southern of Baghdad City, central of Iraq. This study found that the summation of rainfall is (112.323 mm), average of relative humidity (47.44%), temperature (25.55 C◦), sunshine (8.748 h/day) and the total of evaporation is (2268.463 mm). In this research, three classifications were applied to find the type of climate in the study area. The results of the climate classification show that, the climate of study area is characterized by dry and relatively hot in summer, and cold with low rain in winter. Thornthwiat equation was used to determine the

This paper introduces a generalization sequence of positive and linear operators of integral type based on two parameters to improve the order of approximation. First, the simultaneous approximation is studied and a Voronovskaja-type asymptotic formula is introduced. Next, an error of the estimation in the simultaneous approximation is found. Finally, a numerical example to approximate a test function and its first derivative of this function is given for some values of the parameters. 

This paper presents the effect of relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearity on cross-focusing of two intense laser beams in a collisionless and unmagnetized plasma. It should be noted here that while considering the self-focusing due to relativistic electron mass variation, the electron ponderomotive density depression in the channel may also be important. Therefore/these two nonlinearties may simultaneously affect the self-focusing process. These nonlinearities depend not only on the intensity of one laser but also on the second laser. Therefore, one laser beam affects the dynamics of the second beam and hence the process of cross-focusing takes place. The electric field amplitude of the excited electron plasma wave (EPW) has been cal

Objective: Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease that is prevalent worldwide in all age groups. Numerous attempts have been made to develop conservative approaches to halt caries progression and restore enamel defects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of applying grape seed extract and chicken eggshell extract on the microhardness of demineralized enamel in permanent teeth. Methods: Forty-eight sound upper first premolars were used. Following demineralization with the demineralizing solution for 96 hours, they were distributed into four groups consistent with the treatment agent used: group A was treated with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (as a control group), group B was treated with grape se

 The limited availability of the two-circle diffractometer to collect intensity measurements down to the monoclinic system has been extended in a novel procedure to collect intensities for the triclinic system. The procedure involves the derivation of matrix elements from graphical representation of the reciprocal lattice. Offset of  the origins of  the upper layers from that of the zero-layer - characteristic of triclinic system - is determined and the  3 x 3  matrix elements are evaluated accordingly. Details of  crystal alignment by X-rays for the triclinic system utilizing the intensities of  equivalent reflections is described