One hundred thirty seven Staphylococcus spp. isolates were isolated form one hundred fifty clinical specimens which were collected from several hospitals at Al-Sulaimaniya city. Seventy two Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 28 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates and 37 isolates related to other coagulase negative staphylocci (S. chromogenes, S. lugdunensis, S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus, S. hominis, and S. haemolyticus constituted 3.60%, 2.20%, 2.90%, 2.90%, 6.60%, and 8.80%, respectively). Burn specimens represented the highest (P< 0.05) reservoir for S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates. Staphylococci developed variable susceptibility to 4 antibiotics (cefoxitin; 30 μg, oxacillin; 1μg, methicillin; 5μg, and cefotaxime; 30 μg). Nevertheless, the results revealed that 68, 93, and 92% of S. aureus, S. epidrmidis, and other Coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) isolates developed methicillin resistance based on cefoxitin diffusion disc test. In a conclusion, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and coagulase negative staphylococcus sp. (MRCONS) is an emerging subject even in our community, which requires further attention and support.
The increasing use of antiseptic compounds creates selective pressure cause emergence of antiseptic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus .Resistance mechanism of antiseptic is driven mainly by multi drug resistant (MDR) efflux protein.Sixty five isolates of S.aureuswere collected from different clinical sources and subjected to 11 antibiotics most of them are recognized by efflux systems as extruded substrates. Range of efflux activity was estimated using cartwheel method. Simultaneous discrimination of antiseptic coding genes (qacA/B, smr and norA)as well as nuc and mecA genes among multidrug resistantS.aureus(MRSA) isolates was preformed using multiplex PCR assay
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In this study 77 human isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtain from different clinical sources. The results showed that the number of isolates producing α-hemolysin was 32 isolates (41.55%) , while non- hemolysin producing was 45 isolates (58.45%) .The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methicillin which were 32 micrograms \ ml. The effect of CD-Cholesterol ,Cholesterol ,Cyclodextran(CD) ,Methicillin and Phosphate Buffer Saline(PBS) on α- hemolysin activity was study and the hemolytic Titer was:8 ، 32.768 ,65.536 ,
140.737.488.355.32 , 4.961408E + 25 respectively, while the effect of the same effect with Titer 67.108.864 and low Titer with PBS 3.96140812E + 25. The α – hemolysin toxin was partialy purified by ammoni
Staphylococcus aureus, which includes the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is a significant human pathogen producing different toxins and results in many different infection types, which include bacteremia, soft-tissue infections, as well as staphylococcal food poisoning. S. aureus is an important food-borne pathogen of humans due to ingestion of food containing enterotoxigenic strains. Detecting S. aureus femA and mecA genes was evaluated with the use of a Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Method (LAMP). The accuracy of this approach was similar to that attained using the approach of the conventional polymerase chain (PCR). Those two methods characterized 43 isolates of MRSA which
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Eight isolates of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (SA40,SA32,SA30,SA13,SA10,SA36,SA3 and SA7) with different resistance phenotypes to macrolides , lincosamides and streptogramins Were used to detect theexpression of msrA, msrB, and linA/linA’genesby using real time polymerase chain reaction before and after treatment with antibiotics (erythromycin , clarithromycin , clindamycin and lincomycin) calibrated with triosphosphateisomerase.There highst expression of these genes was after 18 hours. It was an induction in the expression of msrA gene in isolates (SA40,SA32,SA30 and SA13) in presence of erythromycin,however,the isolates showed reduction in expression l
... Show MoreThe emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was a public health problem worldwide that causes nosocomial and community infections. Forty three isolates (71.66%) were characterized as S.aureus, were isolated from 60 different clinical specimens (blood, nose, wound, urine and vaginal) collected from patients from different hospitals of Baghdad. All isolates were resistant (100%) to Aztreonam, Carbenicillin, Cifixime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, and showed high resistance to each of Methicillin, Oxacillin, Ampicillin and Penicillin . the MRSA isolates were typed based on (SCCmec) typing ,the result revealed that SCCmecIVa was the most common in isolates (41.86%), following type IVc (20.93%), type II(16.27%). V
... Show MoreAccording to the extraction procedure , Eucalyptus incrassata leave sample yielded 5% and 2% w/w(Based on dry leaves ) of the aqueous extract and essential oils respectively. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract and essential oils of E . incrassata leaves against eight isolates of multidrug- resistant of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) . It was found that aqueous extract and essential oils have variable antimicrobial activity(the inhibition zone diameter ranged from 7 to 14 mm respectively ) , while essential oils showed more effect than aqueous extract . It was noticed that values of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ( MIC ) for
... Show MoreOne hundred specimens from wounds, burns, and skin swabs were collected
from patients laying and attended to Balad general hospital. It was found that 50
isolates belong to Staphylococcus spp., 38 isolates were identified as S. aureus and
12 isolates were identified as S. epidermidis according to microscopic, cultural and
biochemical testing. The study of seven extracellular enzyme as virulence factors
including the enzymes: urease, lipase, DNase, haemolysin, coagulase, β-lactamase,and lecithinase. Reavealed that 100% of S.aureus had the ability to produce these
enzymes, while S. epidermidis isolates were unable to produce the enzymes DNase,
lipase, coagulase, but they were capable to produce haemolysin, urease, lec
Background: The resistance to antimicrobial factors is an increasingly global problem worldwide, especially among nosocomial bacteria. Staphylococci have become one of the common causes of nosocomialinfections. Multi drug-resistant staphylococci pose a growing problem for human health.
ObjectiveThis study was carried out to evaluate the association between the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the msrA Erythromycin-Resistant gene in staphylococci isolates obtained from various clinical samples of patients.
Methods: A total of 25 staphylococci clinical isolates were collected from the central Health Lab. DNA from each sample was extracted and The gene implicated in resistance to erythromycin (msrA) was amplified using PCR
Biofilms formation by pathogens microbial Control considered important in medical research because it is the hazarded virulence factor leading to becoming difficult to treat because of its high resistance to antimicrobials. Glycopeptide antibiotic a (Vancomycin) and the commercial bacteriocin (Nisin A) were used to comparative with purification bacteriocin (MRSAcin) against MRSA biofilm. One hundred food samples were collected from Baghdad markets from July 2016 to September 2016, including (cheese, yogurt, raw milk, fried meat, grilled meat, and beef burger). All samples were cultures; S. aureus was confirmation by macroscopic culture and microscopic examination, in addition to biochemical tests. Methicillin resistance S. asureus (
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