A new Turbidimetric method characterized by simplicity, accuracy and speed for determination of Hydronium ion by continuous flow injection analysis. The method was based on the formation of complex Zn3[Fe(CN)6] for Zinc(II) that was eluted by Hydronium ion from cation exchanger column with Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) for the formation of a pale yellow precipitate and this precipitate was determined using homemade Linear Array Ayah-5SX1-T-1D continuous flow injection analyser. The optimum parameters were 2.7 mL.min-1 flow rate using H2O as a carrier stream, 1.7 mL.min-1 reagent stream, 110 L sample volume and open valve for the purge of the sample segment. Data treatment shows that linear range 0.01-0.1 mol.L-1 for each acids (HClO4,HNO3,HCl,H2SO4) while L.O.D 30, 50.01,29.75,51.41 μg/sample for HClO4,H2SO4,HCl,HNO3 respectively from the stepwise dilution for minimum concentration of lowest concentration in linear dynamic range of the calibration graph. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9891, 0.9930, 0.9917, 0.9940 while percentage linearity (%r2) was 97.85%, 98.81%, 98.61%, 98.36% for HClO4, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3 respectively. R.S.D. % for the repeatability (n=5) was < 2% for determination of Hydronium ion with concentration 20 and 80 mMol.L-1. The method was applied successfully for the determination of Hydronium ion in commercial samples. Using paired t-test between the newly developed method and classical method; shows that there were no significant differences between either methods. On this basis the new method can be accepted as an alternative analytical method for determination of Hydronium ion in commercial samples.
In this work, a novel technique to obtain an accurate solutions to nonlinear form by multi-step combination with Laplace-variational approach (MSLVIM) is introduced. Compared with the traditional approach for variational it overcome all difficulties and enable to provide us more an accurate solutions with extended of the convergence region as well as covering to larger intervals which providing us a continuous representation of approximate analytic solution and it give more better information of the solution over the whole time interval. This technique is more easier for obtaining the general Lagrange multiplier with reduces the time and calculations. It converges rapidly to exact formula with simply computable terms wit
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Based on the density functional theory (DFT) , the stability of molecular complexes has been predicted according to hard-soft acid base (HSAB) theory. Relative stability of products and reactivity of soft base sulfide derivatives with halogens (Iodine , Bromine , Chlorine) as soft acid was studied to determine the relative ability of these reactants causing the reaction to be more spontaneous.
DFT at the levels of B3LYP/3-21G and B3LYP/3-21G (d) was used to study HOMO LUMO energy gaps , bonds length and total energy to calculate the softness sequence of each type of acid or base mentioned in this work. All cases studied prove that iodine can be considered as the most softness acid and ethyl methyl sulfide≈ dimethyl sulfide the most
The formation of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes was studied with two new hetrocyclic azo ligands 2-[4-(1-sulfonaphthalene)azo]-L-Histidine (L1) and 2-[7-(1-hydroxy3-sulfonaphthalene)azo]-L-Histidine (L2) derived from coupling reaction of diazonium salt of naphthionic acid and 7-amino-1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid with L-Histidine in an alkaline ethanolic solution. The structural features of all new compounds have been characterized from their elemental analyses, metal content, magnetic moment measurement, molar conductance & FT-IR, UV-Vis. and 1HNMR spectral studies. Furthermore,the composition of complexes have been studied following the mole ratio method after fixing the optimum condition (pH and concentration).Beer’s law
... Show MoreThe inhibition ability of the new derivative (quinolin-2-one), namely (1-{[5-(2-Chloro-phenylazo)-2- hydroy-benzylidene]-amino}-4,7-dimethyl -6-nitro- 1H-quinolin-2-one (CPHAQ2O)) towards carbon steel corrosion in (3.5% NaCl) and (0.5M HCl) solutions were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization at different inhibitor concentrations. Polarization curves showed that the evaluated compound acted as mixed inhibitors, and the adsorption of the evaluated inhibitor obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm in both salt and acid solutions. The results revealed that the percentage inhibition efficiency (%IE) in the salty solution (90.55%) is greater than that in the acidic solution (77.62%). The surface changes of the carbon steel and the film per
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Iraqi siliceous rocks were chosen to be used as raw materials in this study which is concern with the linear shrinkage and their related parameters. They are porcelinite from Safra area (western desert) and Kaolin Duekla, their powders were mixed in certain percentage, to shape compacts and sintered. The study followed with thermal and chemical treatments, which are calcination and acid washing. The effects on final compact properties such as linear shrinkage were studied. Linear shrinkage was calculated for sintered compacts to study the effects of calcination processes, chemical washing, weight percentage, sintering processes, loading moment were studied on this property where the compacts for groups is insulating materials.
Linear
A sensitive and environmentally benign spectrometric method was developed for quantifying Meprobamate (MEP). The analyzed MEP was derivatized into a colored complex and determined spectrometrically. The colorimetric analytical parameters were optimized and validated. Low limit of detection (LOD) was achieved down to 1.88×10-6 mol/l while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was extended over the range of 1.97×10-6 - 1.35×10-3 mol/l. The high precision has been denoted by the 1.54% value of the coefficient of variation. The recovery was 96.07%, while the RSD (n=3) was 1.05 - 1.19%. The apparent molar absorptivity (Æ) obtained within 1154.7 - 1691.9 L.mol-1.cm
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