The coverage area of Baghdad Governorate area is considered as a part of the
Mesopotamia plain, which belongs to the unstable shelf. This area is totally covered
by quaternary sediments. The sediments are composed mainly by cyclic alteration of
clay, silt, sand and very fine gravels. Quaternary sediments represent the main
aquifer for all parts of Baghdad governorate.
Arc GIS 9.3 and GMS 6.5 programs were used in drawing high accurate
estimating maps, to define salinity, type of the ground waters, the general direction
of their movement, the distribution values of transmissivity of upper aquifer, with
distribution and the amount of draw down for these wells, also drawing map for the
ground waters depth zones.
It can be concluded that the salinity of the ground water in Baghdad Governorate
ranges between (fresh water – Brine water) in general, with the predominance of
chloridic water type and the presence of sulphatic water type in other places. The
direction of the ground water movement is mainly from the west towards the east
and north and southeast, with the presence of local movements other directions. The
transmissivity coefficient ranges between (50 – 350) m2 / day in general, but these
values decrease toward the east, especially east of the Tigris River as indicated by
the level of draw down in the wells, which ranges between (2 – 10) m. The results
reflect that the ground water depth in Baghdad Governorate ranges between (2 – 50)
m depending on the distance from the river and irrigation channels, which are
considered as sources of water recharge to the ground water.
This study estimated seven heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr) in water (dissolved and particulate phase), sediments and some aquatic organisms including two species from aquatic plants (Ceratophyllum demersum&Phragmites australis); one species of clam (Psedontopeses euphratics) and two species from fish (Oreochromis aureus& Leuciscus vorax)in four sites within Mashroo AL- Musayyib channel project/ branch of Euphrates river, Babylon , medial of Iraq . This aims to show the concentration of these elements, their fate and the mechanisms of their transmission through the food chain in this lotic aquatic system ; also in addition to examining some physicochemical properties of ri
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This study aims to predict the organic pollution produced from the presence of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and determination it's concentrations (µg/L , ppb) in Tigris river water by a collection twenty-seven water samples from a selected three stations with nine sampling sites and three depths of water (5 cm , 2 m and 4 m) each site for 4.6 km distance of a geographic studied area which is located between the ( Al-Senak and AL-Sarrafiah bridges ) at Baghdad city – Iraq on May, 2012. The geographic location was determined with a Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) software program. The concentrations of fourteen components (PAHs) were performed using the reverse phase
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study was conducted on a stretch of Tigris river crossing Baghdad city to determine the concentration of some chlorophenols pollutants. Aqueous samples were preliminary enriched about 500 times and the chlorophenols have determined using high performance liquid chromatography HPLC. Limits of detection LOD were (0.007–0.012 mg L-1), relative standard deviations RSD% were 2.4%–5.59% and relative recoveries were 51.06%– 104.07%. The existence of chlorophenols in Tigris river was in the range 0.023–4.596 mg L-1. The developed method suggested in this study can be applied for routine analysis and monitoring of chlorinated phenols in environmental aqueous samples.
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The estimation of recharge to ground water is the important basics to improve the use of ground water with other available resources, and to save ground water resource from depletion, especially when using large quantity of ground water during a long time such as for agricultural purposes. Al-Wand River Basin in Iraq suffers from water shortage of its requirement of Blajo–Al-Wand Project, and to cover this shortage, the ground water plays a good role to overcome this problem. In this study, three methods were used to estimate the recharge and ground water storage for Al-Wand Basin, these methods are: Water Table Fluctuation (WTF), Water Balance of Climatic for Basin, and Water Table Balance for Basin. The results showe
... Show MoreThe main objectives of present study are to evaluate the trace elements pollution in the sediment of the Tigris River and drainage canals in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Assessment of trace elements pollutants were conducted for 18 sediment samples collected in March 2017. Trace elements were analyzed in sediment Tigris River samples in Wasit Governorate. This metal pollution was evaluated using geo-accumulation (I-geo) index, Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). According to these statistical indices, the sediments collected from Tigris River in the study area are highly polluted with Titanium (71.9 ppm), Nickel (226.6 ppm) Chromium (425.2 ppm), Cadmium (2ppm) and Molybdenum (15.8 ppm) while the sediments&nb
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The aim of this work is to study the correlation between the electrons for Li atom in ground state through the calculation of the inter-particle distribution function f (r12) and inter-particle expectation values . By using the f(r12) function for KL shell in both singlet and triplet state .The Fermi hole have been evaluated .In this work the Hartree-Fock wave function (1993) have been used.
Underground water is extracted by wells that are connected through underground canals. Thus, the levels of pollutant elements in ground water could be evaluated directly from water samples collected from the wells. This study was conducted in the city of Samara / Salah-Aldeen province – Iraq. The samples were taken from 29
wells within the study area for the period 2012-2014 with a supervision from the General Authority for Groundwater / the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources. GIS technology was adopted to calculate the pollution elements at Samara water table. The concentrations of chemical elements [K, Na, Mg, Cl, Ca] and compounds [SO4, HCO3] were manipulated and calculated for the entire area. The results of laboratory analy
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Water balance approaches are strategies for resolving key theoretical and practical hydrological issues. The major goals of this study are to examine climatic elements and conditions to calculate groundwater recharge using the water balance approach. The study area is located in Mandaly city, Diyala Governorate, eastern Iraq. The metrological data was gathered between 1994 and 2020 to evaluate the study area's climate. The annual rainfall rate has been 248.61 mm, with a relative humidity of 43.89%, a temperature of 24.41 oC, a wind speed of 1.99 m/sec, sunshine of 8.32 hours per day, and evaporation of (268.09 mm). The total amount of corrected evapotranspiration was 1010.09 mm, with a peak value of 225.29 mm in Jul
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The groundwater evaluation has been carried out in Khanaqin area in Diyala governorate to the east of Iraq. The analyzed hydrochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids as well as cations and anions are used to describe groundwater quality and its suitability for different purposes. The study area covers (1920) km2. According to hydrogeological investigation (43) water points were inventoried and water levels in wells were measured. (34) Wells were sampled during 2013-2014 during water surplus and water deficit periods. The studied area is divided groundwater aquifers into two main units, the unconfined and confined aquifers. The values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolve
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