In this work, two groups of nanocomposite material, was prepared from unsaturated polyester resin (UPE), they were prepared by hand lay-up method. The first group was consisting of (UPE) reinforced with individually (ZrO2) nanoparticles with particle size (47.23nm). The second group consists of (UPE) reinforced with hybrid nanoparticles consisting of zirconium oxide and yttrium oxide (70% ZrO2 + 30% Y2O3) with particles size (83.98nm). This study includes the effect of selected volume fraction (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) for both reinforcement nano materials. Experimental investigation was carried out by analyzing the thermo-physical properties like thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat for the polymeric composites samples, as well as the hardness test. The results showed that the values of (hardness, specific heat) increased as the nanoparticle content in composite samples increased for both groups’ nanocomposites, whereas the values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion decrease for both groups composites. And it was found that the properties of composite materials reinforced by hybrid nanoparticles have higher properties as compared with their counterparts of other nanocomposite reinforced by zirconia nanoparticle. The morphology of the fracture surface was showed homogeneous micro structure formation for both groups composites, indicating a good compatibility between the matrix material and the reinforcement nanoparticles.
In this work, the role of s ubs trate temperature in the range (293-423)K on the structure and microstructure of CuInSTe thin films was investigated. The results showed that the structure was amorphous for films prepared at ambient temperature Ts=293Kwhile it was polycrys talline for films prepared at high temperature. The grain s ize and roughness increased with increasing substrate temperature. The frequency and temperature dependencies upon AC conductivity were investigated in the frequency range 100Hz-10MHz and temperature of heat treatment in the range of 303-453K. The AC activation energy was found to increase from 0.1132 to 0.1258 eV with increas ing s ubs trate temperature from 293 to 423K and decreas e to 0.0962 eV with inc
... Show MoreThe ring modulator described in part I of this paper is designed here for two operating wavelengths 1550nm and 1310nm. For each wavelength, three structures are designed corresponding to three values of polymer slot widths (40, 50 and 60nm). The performance of these modulators are simulated using COMSOL software (version 4.3b) and the results are discussed and compared with theoretical predictions. The performance of intensity modulation/direct detection short range and long rang optical communication systems incorporating the designed modulators is simulated for 40 and 100Gb/s data rates using Optisystem software (version 12). The results reveal that an average energy per bit as low as 0.05fJ can be obtained when the 1550nm modulator is d
... Show MoreThis paper presents comprehensive analysis and investigation for 1550nm and 1310nm ring optical modulators employing an electro-optic polymer infiltrated silicon-plasmonic hybrid phase shifter. The paper falls into two parts which introduce a theoretical modeling framework and performance assessment of these advanced modulators, respectively. In this part, analytical expressions are derived to characterize the coupling effect in the hybrid phase shifter, transmission function of the modulator, and modulator performance parameters. The results can be used as a guideline to design compact and wideband optical modulators using plasmonic technology
Synthetic polymers such as polyurethane are used widely in the field of biomedical applications such as implants or part of implant systems.
This paper focuses on the preparation of base polymer matrix composite materials by (Hand Lay-Up) method, and studying the effect of selected grain size (32, 53, 63, 75, and 90) µm of (Reenia) particles on some properties of the prepared composite.
Mechanical tests were used to evaluate the prepared system (Tensile, Compression, Impact, and Hardness) tests, and a physical test of (Water absorption %), and all tests were accomplished at room temperature.
Where results showed tensile test (maximum tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) high at small grain size while
... Show MoreHeterogeneous photocatalysts was a promising material for removing organic pollutants. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was a suitable photocatalyst for its cost efficiency and high stability to reduce various pollutants. Enhancing TiO2 photocatalyst performance by doping with changed metals or non-metal ions and organic compounds have been reviewed. These methods could enhance photoelectrochemical activity via: (i) by a donor of electrons via electron-donor agents that would produce particular defects in TiO2 structure and capture transporters of charge; (ii) by reducing recombination rate of the charge transporters and increasi
After harvesting, Alfalfa plant was washed, dried and ground to get fine powder used in treatment water. We used alfalfa plant with ethanol to made alcoholic extract and characterized it applying (GC-Mass, FTIR, UV) spectroscopy to determine active compounds. Alcoholic extract was used to prepare zinc nanoparticle. We characterized Zinc nanoparticles by using FTIR, UV, SEM, EDX Zeta potential and AFM. Zinc nanoparticle with Alfalfa extract and alfalfa powder was used to treat pollutant water with pesticides and negative ions by two methods, namely Batch and continuous processing. Batch process was used two times firstly, with Alfalfa plant to treat water affected by pesticides and negative ions, after 1h pesticides (glyphosate 44.76%, sulfo
... Show MoreThe currency in circulation is a key element of the monetary supply system of the Iraqi economy because itreflects the level of economic activity and the liquidity level in the market. It can be expressed as an important tool when formulating monetary policy. This research aims to analyze and forecast the behavior of the currency in circulation in Iraq using the ARMA-GARCH model for monthly data from 2004 to 2025 to understand the dynamics of monetary liquidity, The sample was divided into two parts: approximately 80% for the training set (2004-2021), and approximately 20% for the testing set (2022-2025). Data were analyzed in Python using many packages. The results showed that the time series was initially non-stationary but became
... Show MorePreparation and Characterization of Maleate, Tartarate,and Phthalate Modified Pectin