The study of entry and reentry dynamics for space vehicles is very important, particularly for manned vehicles and vehicles which is carry important devices and which can be used again. There are three types for entry dynamic, ballistics entry, glide entry and skip entry. The skip entry is used in this work for describing entry dynamics and determining trajectory. The inertia coordinate system is used to derive equations of motion and determines initial condition for skip entry. The velocity and drag force for entry vehicle, where generate it during entry into earth’s atmosphere are calculated in this work. Also the deceleration during descending and determining entry angles, velocities ratio and altitude ratio have been studied. The circular velocity and super circular velocity are used in this work as initial values. From results we noted the skip entry type has longer flight time compared with other types, and the velocity vehicle is lower at high layer for earth atmosphere, where the density of air is very low. Therefore the skip entry is suitable for space shuttle during entry from space
Various speech enhancement Algorithms (SEA) have been developed in the last few decades. Each algorithm has its advantages and disadvantages because the speech signal is affected by environmental situations. Distortion of speech results in the loss of important features that make this signal challenging to understand. SEA aims to improve the intelligibility and quality of speech that different types of noise have degraded. In most applications, quality improvement is highly desirable as it can reduce listener fatigue, especially when the listener is exposed to high noise levels for extended periods (e.g., manufacturing). SEA reduces or suppresses the background noise to some degree, sometimes called noise suppression alg
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Computer theoretical study has been carried out on the design of five electrode immersion electrostatic lens used in electron gun application. The finite element method (FEM) is used in the solution of the Poisson's equation fro determine axial potential distribution, the electron trajectory under Zero magnification condition . The optical properties : focal length ,spherical and chromatic aberrations are calculated,From studying the properties of the designed electron gun. we have good futures for these electron gun where are abeam current 4*10-4A can be supplied by using cathode tip of radius 100 nm.
In this paper, we calculate and measure the SNR theoretically and experimental for digital full duplex optical communication systems for different ranges in free space, the system consists of transmitter and receiver in each side. The semiconductor laser (pointer) was used as a carrier wave in free space with the specification is 5mW power and 650nm wavelength. The type of optical detector was used a PIN with area 1mm2 and responsively 0.4A/W for this wavelength. The results show a high quality optical communication system for different range from (300-1300)m with different bit rat (60-140)kbit/sec is achieved with best values of the signal to noise ratio (SNR).
The aim of this paper is to introduces and study the concept of CSO-compact space via the notation of simply-open sets as well as to investigate their relationship to some well known classes of topological spaces and give some of his properties.
Strong and ∆-convergence for a two-step iteration process utilizing asymptotically nonexpansive and total asymptotically nonexpansive noneslf mappings in the CAT(0) spaces have been studied. As well, several strong convergence theorems under semi-compact and condition (M) have been proved. Our results improve and extend numerous familiar results from the existing literature.
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It is the dynamic tension between the relatively fixed built environment and the constantly changing in social life that determines the nature of urban spaces belonging to different historical periods, and considered as a tool for diagnosing transformations in urban spaces, that’s why, the characteristics of urban space became unclear between positive spaces and negative spaces, so emerged the need to study contemporary urban space belonging to the current period of time and show the most important transformations that have occurred in contemporary urban space to reach urban spaces that meet the current life requirements. Therefore, the research dealt with a study of the characteristics of contemporary urban space and the most pr
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An experiment was carried out by using pots in kalar horticulture station/ Sulaimani province on soil which is talken form on once region field in the seasoning growth(20062007). The objective was to study interaction of different levels from urea fertilizer (zero, 0.20, 0.40, 0.80 gm / 4 kg soil in pot). These levels were equal to (zero, 25, 50, 100, kg uera / D) and super phosphate levels (zero, 0.24, 0.48, gm / 4 kg soil in pot).These levels were equal to(zero, 30, 60, kg / D) in morphological and physiological characteristies (ex. dry weight, leaf area, absolute growth rate, protein percentage, and chlorophyll content) of Ipa (95) wheat variety. This experiment was carried out by completely Randomized Design (C. R. D.). Re
The study of properties of space of entire functions of several complex variables was initiated by Kamthan [4] using the topological properties of the space. We have introduced in this paper the sub-space of space of entire functions of several complex variables which is studied by Kamthan.
Objective: The study aimed to determine quality of life domains for adult patients with limbs loss and to identify
the association between quality of life domains and demographic characteristics and medical information.
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at Baghdad artificial limb center, Al-Salam medical
rehabilitation center, Al-Ghadeer medical rehabilitation center and the rheumatoid and medical rehabilitation
center for the period from September 2007 to April 2008. A purposive ''non- probability'' sample of (200)
patients with limbs loss. Questionnaire form was constructed for the purpose of the study. Data were collected
through the application of the questionnaire and interview technique. Data were a
The study of fixed points on the maps fulfilling certain contraction requirements has several applications and has been the focus of numerous research endeavors. On the other hand, as an extension of the idea of the best approximation, the best proximity point (ƁƤƤ) emerges. The best approximation theorem ensures the existence of an approximate solution; the best proximity point theorem is considered for addressing the problem in order to arrive at an optimum approximate solution. This paper introduces a new kind of proximal contraction mapping and establishes the best proximity point theorem for such mapping in fuzzy normed space ( space). In the beginning, the concept of the best proximity point was introduced. The concept of prox
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