Linear and nonlinear optical properties of epoxy/ Al2O3 nanocomposites system were studied for epoxy neat and (0.5, 1.5, 3, and 5) % Al2O3 nanocomposites.The band gap of epoxy and its nanocomposites was obtained at these weight ratios. Nonlinear optical properties experiments were performed using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser z-scan system.These experiments were carried out for different parameters: wavelengths (1064 nm and 532 nm), laser intensities (0.530, 0.679, and 0.772) GW/cm2 and weight ratio of Al2O3 nanocomposites. The results showed that the band gaps were decreased with increasing the weight ratio of nanoalumina except at 5wt% and the nonlinear refractive index coefficient is directly proportional to the incident intensities while o

The compounding of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with two types of fillers and some additives were studied for the manufacturing of acid resistant tile. Various concentrations of two types of fillers namely; calcium carbonate and recycled glass powder were used along with different additives generally categorized as plasticizers, stabilizers, and lubricants were mixed in the standard concentration unit parts per hundred resins (phr) with the PVC as base polymer. The effects of filler materials on acid resistant towered different acids like sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric at different concentration were studied. Samples which passed the test were further checked for dielectric strength and mechanical properties. It was found that the recycl

Copper zinc tin sulfide selenide, Cu2 ZnSn(S1−x Se x)4 , absorbers are promising earth-abundant and environmentally benign materials for low-cost photovoltaic applications. This study investigates the structural and optical properties of Cu 2 ZnSn(S1−x Se x)4 nanostructured thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition using melt-quenched targets with selenium compositions x = 0.0–1.0. X-ray diffraction revealed that films with low selenium content remained amorphous, whereas higher selenium incorporation promoted the formation of polycrystalline kesterite–stannite phases with preferred orientations along (112), (200), (220), and (312). The crystallite size increased from 12.3 to 17.9 nm as selenium reached x = 1.0, indicating enha

In the present work, nanocomposite of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) incorporated with functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) were fabricated using casting method. PVA was dispersed by varying content of FGO (0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1 wt %). The PVA- FGO nanocomposite was characterized by FT‐IR, FE-SEM and XRD. Frequency dependence of real permittivity (ε’), imaginary (ε’’) and a.c conductivity of PVA/FGO and PVA/GO nanocomposite were studied in the frequency range 100 Hz- 1 MHz. The experimental results showed that the values of real (ε’) and imaginary permittivity (ε’’) increased dramatically by increasing the FGO content in PVA matrix. PVA/ FGO (1 wt %) nanocomposite revealed higher electrical conductivity of 6.4×10-4 Sm-1 compared to

The Study was achieved adjectives physical and chemical water wells in the district of
Samarra , where a study has 42 sample groundwater in different regions of the judiciary
randomly distributed all over the judiciary and examined in vitro.
The study showed that the quality of groundwater in the general area of study
Kipritateh punctuated Klordih water quality and other quality Bicarboonatih.
Varied the key components of groundwater in the study area in concentrations
between periods of rain and drought, especially because of the cation ion exchange processes
as well as mitigation as a result of filtering rain water and dominated the calcium ion,
followed by sodium.
As for the negative ions has dominated ion s

Polyaniline (PANI) has been prepared by the oxidation method in order to fabricate it with various concentrations of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) which produced using the reduction method. Various techniques have characterized pure PANI and PANI doped CuNPs composites, such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which were provided important information about the structure and morphology of the fabricated polymer nanocomposites. The properties of dielectric permittivity (έ), dielectric loss (ἔ) and electrical conductivity (σ_AC) properties were studied at room temperature versus a range

Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized via an eco-friendly green approach by adding Phoenix dactylifera extract to the aqueous solution of ferric chloride. The effect of annealing temperature (Ta) (100-150) °C on particle size was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to evaluate the produced nanoparticles. According to XRD spectra, the crystallite size of the samples was determined using the Scherrer formula. AFM and FE-SEM were used to determine surface morphology. A UV-Vis optical spectroscopic examination was carried out to determine the band gap energy of the iron oxide nanoparticles. It was found th