Viscosity (η) of solutions of 1-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol and tert-butanol were investigated in aqueous solution structures of ranged composition from 0.55 to 1 mol.dm-3 at 298.15 K. The data of (η/η˳) were evaluated based on reduced Jone - Dole equation; η/η˳ =BC+1. In the term of B value, the consequences based on solute-solvent interaction in aqueous solutions of alcohols were deliberated. The outcomes of this paper discloses that alcohols act as structure producers in the water. Additionally, it has shown that solute-solvent with interacting activity of identical magnitude is in water-alcohol system

In this study, sawdust as a cheap method and abundant raw material was utilized to produce active carbon (SDAC). Physiochemical activation was utilized where potassium hydroxide   used as a chemical activating agent and carbon dioxide was used as a physical activating agent. Taguchi method of experimental design was used to find the optimum conditions of SDAC production. The produced SDAC was characterized using SEM to investigate surface morphology and BET to estimate the specific surface area. SDAC was used in aqueous lead ions adsorption. Adsorption process was modeled statistically and represented by an empirical model. The highest specific surface area of SDAC was 688.3 m2/gm. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to

An evaluation was achieved by designing a matlab program to solve Kepler’s equation of an elliptical orbit for methods (Newton-Raphson, Danby, Halley and Mikkola). This involves calculating the Eccentric anomaly (E) from mean anomaly (M=0°-360°) for each step and for different values of eccentricities (e=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9). The results of E were demonstrated that Newton’s- Raphson Danby’s, Halley’s can be used for e between (0-1). Mikkola’s method can be used for e between (0-0.6).The term  that added to Danby’s method to obtain the solution of Kepler’s equation is not influence too much on the value of E. The most appropriate initial Gauss value was also determined to

     In this paper, we consider a two-phase Stefan problem in one-dimensional space for parabolic heat equation with non-homogenous Dirichlet boundary condition. This problem contains a free boundary depending on time. Therefore, the shape of the problem is changing with time. To overcome this issue, we use a simple transformation to convert the free-boundary problem to a fixed-boundary problem. However, this transformation yields a complex and nonlinear parabolic equation. The resulting equation is solved by the finite difference method with Crank-Nicolson scheme which is unconditionally stable and second-order of accuracy in space and time. The numerical results show an excellent accuracy and stable solutions for tw

This study aimed to know the impact of the capital structure measured by the ratio of financing to short-term capital and the ratio of financing to long-term capital on the profitability of companies, as measured by the rate of return on assets and the rate of return on equity. The study was applied to industrial sector companies listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange. The financial number of (14) companies, and (4) companies were selected that met the conditions for selecting the study sample. The study methodology relies on the analytical method as it is more appropriate to the nature, scope and objectives of the study, and the ready-made statistical program "SPSS" will be used to analyze the relationships and influence between the

The target of this study was to study the natural phytochemical components of the head (capsule) of Cynara scolymus cultivated in Iraq. The head (capsule) of plant was extracted by maceration in70% ethanol for 72 hours, and fractioned by hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening was performed on the ethyl acetate fraction for capsule was revealed the presence of flavonoid and aromatic acids. These were examined by (high -performance liquid chromatography) (HPLC diodarray), (high- performance thin-layer chromatography)(HPTLC).

Flavonoids were isolated by preparative layer chromatography and aromatic acid was isolated by preparative high-

A mathematical model was proposed to study the microkinetics of esterification reaction of oleic acid with ethanol over prepared HY zeolite catalyst. The catalyst was prepared from Iraqi kaolin source and its properties were characterized by different techniques. The esterification was done under different temperature (40 to 70˚C) with 6:1 for molar ratio of ethanol to oleic acid and 5 % catalyst loading.

   The microkinetics study was done over two period of time each period was examined individually to calculate the reaction rate constant and activation energy. The impact of the mass transfer resistance to the reactant was also investigated; two different studies have been accomplished to do this purpose.

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 Various types of heterogeneous five membered rings were prepared from the reaction of the compound chloro Di Fluro acetic acid with Schiff bases (which was prepared using different Aldehydes, Ketones, and amines [H10-H1] and five membered rings were prepared (derivatives of Oxazolidine-5-one, and the presence of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) [H20-H11]. Melting points of the compounds were measured. The prepared compounds were diagnosed spectrally by using UV-Visible and Infrared spectroscopy, and (1H-NMR) Spectrum for some compounds. The results confirmed the validity of the proposed chemical compositions

A mathematical model was proposed to study the microkinetics of esterification reaction of oleic acid with ethanol over prepared HY zeolite catalyst. The catalyst was prepared from Iraqi kaolin source and its properties were characterized by different techniques. The esterification was done under different temperature (40 to 70˚C) with 6:1 for molar ratio of ethanol to oleic acid and 5 % catalyst loading.    The microkinetics study was done over two period of time each period was examined individually to calculate the reaction rate constant and activation energy. The impact of the mass transfer resistance to the reactant was also investigated; two different studies have been accomplished to do this purpose.    The e