In this study, Zinc oxide nanostructures were synthesized via a hydrothermal method by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide as a precursor. Three different annealing temperatures were used to study their effect on ZnO NSs properties. The synthesized nanostructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Their optical properties were studied by using UV -visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirms that all ZnO nanostructures have the hexagonal wurtzite structure with average crystallite size within the range of (30.59 - 34.52) nm. The crystallite size increased due to the incensement of annealing temperature. FESEM analysis indicates that ZnO has hexagonal shape of cylindrical pores, plate-like nanocrystals and Nanorods. AFM analysis shows that the average surface roughness of ZnO Nanostructures increases from 3.96 to 19.1 nm with the increase of annealing temperature. The FTIR peaks indicate successful preparation of ZnO Nanostructures. The FTIR method was used to analyses the chemical bonds which conformed the present of the Zn-O group in the region between (400-500) cm-1. The UV-visible showed a red shift in the absorption spectra related to the shift in the energy gap related to increase in the particle size. the band gap energy has been calculated from the optical absorption spectra. The annealing process has been fond more effective on the value of energy gap. As the annealing temperature increases, the value of energy gap, increases as well; from (3.12to 3.22) eV. The prepared Nanostructure is used for antibacterial property. It shows strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P.aeuruginosa bacteria by the agar disc diffusion method. The white precipitate of ZnO NSs has superior antibacterial activity on gram-positive (S. aureus) than the gram-negative (P.aeuruginosa) bacteria.
Equation Boizil used to Oatae approximate value of bladder pressure for 25 healthy people compared with Amqas the Alrotinahh ways used an indirect the catheter Bashaddam and found this method is cheap and harmless and easy
Evapotranspiration (ET) is produced from vegetation transpiration and soil evaporation. The ET measurements must be considered to study water management systems and irrigation (planning, designing and operating). This study is based on USGS (United States Geological Survey) data by the SSEBop (Simplified Surface Energy Balance) model to estimate the total annual amount of ET using ArcGIS software. The ET values were determined for seventeen years from 2003 to 2019. Also, these values for year 2020 were estimated based on the value of the monthly ET for seven months, i.e. until August by summation. The field data of gauge stations spread throughout Iraq for the year 2012 were used to verify the ET values for the s
... Show MoreThis research aimed to use eggshell powder as a lithtripsian for different types of urinary stones and determine the efficiency of these preparations against different types of stone. The grounded and sterilized eggshell was dissolved in fresh lemon juice .The treatment was orally given for successive 7 days before breakfast. Eighty five patients with different types of urinary stone were participated in this research. All patients were subjected to Ultrasonography and intravenous pyelography examinations to localize the position and detect diameter of the stone. The above examination and also biochemical tests for diagnosis of stones in
... Show MoreImage processing is an important source for the image
analytical in order to get variable parameters such as the
intensity .In present work it has been found a relation between the tensity and number of pixd in the image , and from this relation we have got in this paper the inten
... Show MoreGrowth of Penicillium expansum, an ubiquitous mould found in stored fruit globallyt, was significantly restricted by exposure to 48 h cell-free supernatant of two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (p < 0.001). In addition, the biotransformation of patulin, a toxic secondary metabolite formed by P. expansum, on exposure to L. plantarum cells and cell-free supernatant highlights the potential of this GRAS microbe as a biocontrol agent. Up to 80% of patulin was biotransformed following a 4 h incubation with 1010 cells ml−1 (37 °C) forming E- and Z-ascladiol. The formation of these products was more pronounced at elevated pH and cell density. Exposure to cell free supernatant or sonicated cells resulted in complete patulin biotransformation
... Show MoreThis study investigates the treatment of used lubricating oils from AL-Mussaib Gas Power Station Company-Iraq, which was treated with different extractive solvents (heptane and 2-propanol). The performance activity of these solvents in the extraction process was examined and evaluated experimentally. Operating parameters were solvent to oil ratios of (1:2, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8), mixing time (20, 35, 50, and 65 min), temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60 ºC), and mixing speed (500 rpm). These parameters were studied and analyzed. The quality is determined by the measuring and assessment of important characteristics specially viscosity, viscosity index, specific gravity, pour point, flash point, and ash content. The results confirm that the
... Show MoreAdsorption is one of the most important technologies for the treatment of polluted water from dyes. Theaim of this study is to use a low-cost adsorbent for this purpose. A novel and economical adsorbent was used to remove methyl violet dye (MV) from aqueous solutions. This adsorbent was prepared from bean peel, which is an agricultural waste. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the ability of the bean peel adsorbent (BPA) to remove the methyl violet (MV) dye. The effects of different variables, such as weight of the adsorbent, pH of the MV solution, initial concentration of MV, contact time and temperature, on the adsorption behaviour were studied. It was found experimentally that the time required to achieve equilibrium
... Show MorePhenol condensed with β-keto esters via Pechmann condensation to form derivatives of Coumarin in various reaction conditions by two ways. Present paper is comparative study of synthesis Coumarin with the yield of product , reaction time and reaction conditions.
This study assessed the advantage of using earthworms in combination with punch waste and nutrients in remediating drill cuttings contaminated with hydrocarbons. Analyses were performed on day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the experiment. Two hydrocarbon concentrations were used (20000 mg/kg and 40000 mg/kg) for three groups of earthworms number which were five, ten and twenty earthworms. After 28 days, the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration (20000 mg/kg) was reduced to 13200 mg/kg, 9800 mg/kg, and 6300 mg/kg in treatments with five, ten and twenty earthworms respectively. Also, TPH concentration (40000 mg/kg) was reduced to 22000 mg/kg, 10100 mg/kg, and 4200 mg/kg in treatments with the above number of earthworms respectively. The p
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