Objective To evaluate recently developed acidic calcium-phosphate (CaP) pastes as conservative enamel-conditioning systems for bracket bonding and investigate their effects on the shear bond strength, adhesive residues, and enamel damage in comparison to a conventional 37 % phosphoric acid (PA) gel. Materials and methods Two experimental etchant pastes consisting of hydroxyapatite and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate were prepared by mixing them with 37 % and 10 % PA solutions, respectively. These were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Metal brackets were bonded to 90 freshly extracted human premolars and assigned to three groups, depending on etchant type: 37 % PA-gel (control) and the two experimental (HPA and MPA) pastes. Shear bon

Compression is the reduction in size of data in order to save space or transmission time. For data transmission, compression can be performed on just the data content or on the entire transmission unit (including header data) depending on a number of factors. In this study, we considered the application of an audio compression method by using text coding where audio compression represented via convert audio file to text file for reducing the time to data transfer by communication channel. Approach: we proposed two coding methods are applied to optimizing the solution by using CFG. Results: we test our application by using 4-bit coding algorithm the results of this method show not satisfy then we proposed a new approach to compress audio fil

Background: Male infertility is a global concern and it tends to increase due to miscellaneous factors, such as environmental toxins and genetic and lifestyle choices. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has recently attracted attention due to its involvement in male infertility mechanisms and impact on sperm production and function. AHR, a versatile receptor expressed in various tissues, including the testes, regulates the genes involved in spermatogenesis. AHR activation is associated with cell cycle regulation and chromatin condensation during spermatogenesis. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of AHR activation on blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity, focusing on the role of tight junction protein-1 (TJP1)

Because of the quick growth of electrical instruments used in noxious gas detection, the importance of gas sensors has increased. X-ray diffraction (XRD) can be used to examine the crystal phase structure of sensing materials, which affects the properties of gas sensing. This contributes to the study of the effect of electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) materials with various crystal phase shapes, such as rutile TiO₂ (R-TiO₂NTs) and anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂NTs). In this work, we have studied the effect of voltage on preparing TiO₂ nanotube arrays via the anodization technique for gas sensor applications. The results acquired from XRD, energy dispersion spectro

Water covers more than 75% of the earth's surface in the form of the ocean. The ocean investigation is far-fetched because the underwater environment has distinct phenomenal activities. The expansion of human activities inside underwater environments includes environmental monitoring, offshore field exploration, tactical surveillance, scientific data collection, and port security. This led to increased demand for underwater application communication systems. Therefore, the researcher develops many methods for underwater VLC Visible Light Communications. The new technology of blue laser is a type of VLC that has benefits in the application of underwater communications. This research article investigated the benefits of underwater blu

Through the history of art movements, abstraction has been rotating between appearance and disappearance, mounting and stillness while its performances differed between reduction and simplification on the one hand and between the use of chromatographic and linear abstraction on the other. As a result, to what is mentioned, abstraction has appeared in many different artistic forms underlying the systematicity of the plastic art history.However, according to a contemporary point of view that comes up with the scientific revolution, the art of optical deceiving (illusion) appeared to find a hybrid art form that locates between the geometricity of abstraction and the scientific, visual and psychological foundations that are linked with the i

Abstract
An optoelectronic system for fog detection and visibility technique is presented .The idea of this research is based on the measurement of the atmospheric visibility by using an infrared beam emitter from LED diode. The optical scattering is used as a method to calculate the visibility. This method is applied at forward scattering within a foggy atmosphere, which is modern and has great importance for measuring visibility in seaports, airports, public roads and highways. In this paper we focus on the description of the system, principles of its operation and some results of field tests.
Keywords: fog sensor, visibility sensor, backscattering, forward scattering.

The excellence and uniqueness is what makes the artwork creative or not, and the School of Op. Art in Iraq came to reveal new phenomena distinct style, unique in units built, although a few worked in this aspect of the art, but they left their mark distinct, in the research, construction and installation of what binds them in heritage and civilization, it is a new vision of linking the past with the present, they adopt and engineering units may be architectural sometimes in composition, concluded a researcher at the end of the research to the main findings and conclusions, which is that more business was a square-shaped or semi-square, which is commensurate painting with visual, which is a set of vocabulary or repeat units, we do not fin