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Nonlinear optical properties of synthesized porous nanostructures PMMA via template-directed methods
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Colloidal crystals (opals) made of close-packed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were fabricated and grown by Template-Directed methods to obtain porous materials with well-ordered periodicity and interconnected pore systems to manufacture photonic crystals. Opals were made from aqueous suspensions of monodisperse PMMA spheres with diameters between 280 and 415 nm. SEM confirmed the PMMA spheres crystallized uniformly in a face-centered cubic (FCC) array. Optical properties of synthesized pores PMMA were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy. It shows that the colloidal crystals possess pseudo photonic band gaps in the visible region. A combination of Bragg’s law of diffraction and Snell’s law of refraction were used to calculate the sphere diameter. Finally, colloidal crystals were subjected to Z-scan experiment under pulsed Q-switched Nd:YAG laser illumination to characterize it for third order nonlinear optical properties. Z-scan results show the change in transmittance of a beam, and the nonlinear refractive index is n2 = 9.82787 x 10-12 (cm2/GW), while the nonlinear absorption coefficient β= 0.04673908 (cm/GW). These results were attributed to enhance the self-focusing arising from Kerr effect and the two-photon absorption.

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Publication Date
Mon May 27 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Investigation the Optimization of Machining Parameters to Surface Roughness in Free Form Surface of Composite Material
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The aim of this research is to investigation the optimization of the machining parameters (spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut, diameter of cutter and number of flutes of cutter) of surface roughness for free-form surface of composite material (Aluminum 6061 reinforced boron carbide) by using HSS uncoated flat end mill cutters which are rare use of the free-form surface. Side milling (profile) is the method used in this study by CNC vertical milling machine. The purpose of using ANFIS to obtain the better prediction of surface roughness values and decreased of the error prediction value and get optimum machining parameters by using Taguchi method for the best surface roughness at spindle speed 4500 r.p.m, 920mm/rev feed rate, 0.6mm de

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Environmental Impact in the Cultural Output of the Civilizations of Ancient East, Iraq and Eygpt sample
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Our research subject (environmental impact in the cultural output of the civilizations of ancient East) the environmental impact on human civilization and how her and adapted to serve in various cultural aspects especially in ancient cultures whether punches or sculptures and other addresses as well as tracing precious stones and raw materials.  It was the environment of the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt and another effective impact in drawing ancient history through human interaction and responsiveness.  The Iraqi environment was marked by poverty and cruelty on the one hand and on the other cultural elements contributed to the civilization in General and research dealing with technical and product sourcing raw materi

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Fme Transaction
The influence of frictional facing thickness on the contact pressure distribution of multi-disc dry clutches
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 07 2021
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Effect of Dentifrices with Different Abrasives on the Surface Roughness of a Nano Composite Resins materials
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Background: to evaluate the effect of different dentifrices on the surface roughness of two composite resins (nanofilled-based and nanoceramic – based composite resins). Materials and methods: Forty specimens (diameter 12 mm and height of 2mm) prepared from different composite resin materials: Z350 (nanofilled composite, and Ceram-X (nanoceramic) .they were subjected to brushing simulation equivalent to the period of 1 year. The groups assessed were a control group brushed with distilled water (G1), Opalescence whitening toothpasteR (G2), Colgate sensitive pro-relief (G3) and Biomed Charcoal Toothpaste (G4). The initial and final roughness of each group was tested by surface roughness tester. The results were statistically analyzed using

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 13 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Challenges of Forming A Culture of Change in Iraq (Self-Obstacles to the Media Role)
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The Iraqi culture faced a set of challenges that can be diagnosed with the most prominent features as follows:

  1. The dominance of authoritarian political systems which entails authoritarian regimes with the absence of contemporary political concepts of human rights.
  2. The prevalence of non- informed cultural systems which have the shortage of capabilities that enable them to activate cultural elements in positive references, historical, or seclusion on itself and not be able to interact with the current active cultures.
  3. Stagnant economic conditions have not had a decent life for individuals, or a certain level of well-being, as well as poor services and others.
  4. Social life controlled by the prevai

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The problem of elevating the status of values in scienceStudy in economic thought and macro analysis
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ان من اهم القضايا التي تثيرها المعرفة البشرية في تجلياتها، وتعبيراتها المفاهيمية، تكمن في مدى تأصلها وانتمائها الى البنى والتشكيلات الموضوعية (في مستوياتها التاريخية) التي تسعى لتفسيرها وادراكها ومضاهاتها. فالينبوع الذي يغرف منه الفكر مادته هو الكيان الاجتماعي المتموضع خارج الوعي والايدولوجيا.

ان قدرة الوعي على ادراك الواقع الموضوعي بخصائصه العامة يشكل الشرط  الضروري لاكتساب الوعي ل

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Impact of investigator personality pattern on job stress at the General inspectors of offices /applied thesis
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This research studied the relationship of patterns of investigator personality with the big five dimensions (Extraversion, stability, interoperability, openness, and personal benevolent), in facing the job stress with its resources(characteristics of the role, quality of work, organizational structure, work environment, organizational policies, social relations, and organizational processes) which the investigators exposed to it at the General Inspectors Offices.

The researcher derived the idea of ​​research from the importance of the work of these offices in a confrontation of various cases of financial and administrative corruption in Iraq at the present time, since itis one of the most important in

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Response of some vegetative growth characteristics of organically fertilized potatoes to zinc and manganese foliar application
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 28 2020
Journal Name
The Iraqi Journal Of Veterinary Medicine
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium from Different Species of Fish in Karbala Province, Iraq
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This study was designed for isolation and molecular identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) from fish during the period between October and December 2017 from Karbla province, Iraq. This study included 200 fresh fish samples from four different species including Spondyliosoma cantharus, Liza abu, Carassius carassius and Cyprinuscarpio. Three samples of each fish were taken including gills, muscles and all internal organs. The samples were processed by decontamination, concentration of 4% sodium hydroxide, and 0.1 ml of sediment was streaking on Löwenstein Johnson (LJ) media; then the bacterial cultures were incubated at 28-30 °C for 3days up to 4 weeks and suspected colonies were stained with acid fast stain to confir

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
E3s Web Of Conferences 318, 03006 (2021)
Effect of External Post-Tensioning Strengthening Technique on Flexural Capacity of Simple Supported Composite Castellated Beam
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This research is carried out to study the effect of the external post-tensioning technique on the flexural capacity of simply supported composite castellated beam experimentally. In this research, seven composite castellated beams having the same dimensions and material properties were cast and tested up to failure by applied two concentrated loads at 700 mm from each end. Two external strands of 12.7 mm diameter were fixed at each side of the web of strengthening beams and located at depth 180 mm from top fiber of the section (dps) at each end of the beam. The strands have been tensioned by using a hydraulic jack with a constant stress of 100 MPa. This research aims to study the effect of the strengthening by different shapes of st

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