Polycrystalline Cadmium Oxide (CdO) thin films were prepared
using pulsed laser deposition onto glass substrates at room
temperature with different thicknesses of (300, 350 and 400)nm,
these films were irradiated with cesium-137(Cs-137) radiation. The
thickness and irradiation effects on structural and optical properties
were studied. It is observed by XRD results that films are
polycrystalline before and after irradiation, with cubic structure and
show preferential growth along (111) and (200) directions. The
crystallite sizes increases with increasing of thickness, and decreases
with gamma radiation, which are found to be within the range
(23.84-4.52) nm and (41.44-4.974)nm before and after irradiation for
thickness 350nm and 400nm respectively, The dislocation density,
microstrain and number of crystallites per unit surface area,
decreases with increasing of thickness, while they increases with
gamma radiation. From the atomic force microscope (AFM), the
grain size of CdO films decrease from 96.69nm before radiation to
89.49 nm after gamma radiation and RMS roughness increases for
the irradiated sample from 4.26nm to 4.8nm, increase in the surface
roughness is advantages as it increases the efficiency of the CdO
solar cells. The optical properties for thin CdOfilms with different
thickness before and after gamma irradiation have been determined
and reveals direct energy gap. It is decrease with the increase of
thickness, while it is increase after gamma irradiation. These films a
promising candidate for the window layer in solar cells and other
possible optoelectronic application.
The current article focuses on studying the social organization reality of the Iraqi society; it aims to construct an Iraqi organized personality that believe in the principles of Islamic religion by making use of the sociology thoughts in explaining the strength of social organization, and the causes of social deviance in attempt of decreasing the deviance and strengthening the cohesion of Iraqi character.
The researchers put forward some questions: to what extent the western theoretical pattern can succeed in explaining the social organization of the Iraqi society? What is the more appropriate western theory for diagnosing the cohesion and deviance of the society? What is the s
... Show MoreThe research aims to find out the impact of Lee’s cognitive strategy on the achievement of fifth-grade literary students in the module of history. The research community consists of the secondary female day schools of Al-Karkh Al-Oula Directorate General of Education. The size of the research sample comprises (45) female students of the fifth grade of the literary brunch, (21) students for the experimental group and (24) students for the control group. The researchers have chosen an experimental design with partial control to suit the current research and its goal. They used a unified tool to measure the achievement of female students, which consisted of (50) items characterized by sincerity and they extracted the stability of t
... Show MoreThis paper aims to verify the existence of relationships between product innovation and the reputation of the organization. The study problem is that the State Organization for Marketing of Oil (SOMO) system is inflexible in terms of marketing procedures and needs innovative, unconventional methods in innovating its products and improving performance. The reputation of the organization. The importance of the study lies in that it is an attempt to raise the interest of SOMO in its approach to the research variables in order to enhance its competitive position in the future and improve the marketing business environment, which contributes to enhancing the reputation of the organization by product innovation. The study sample
... Show MoreLiquid electrodes of domperidone maleate (DOMP) imprinted polymer were synthesis based on precipitation polymerization mechanism. The molecularly imprinted (MIP) and non-imprinted (NIP) polymers were synthesized using DOMP as a template. By methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomer, N,Nmethylenebisacrylamide (NMAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linkers and benzoyl peroxide (BP) as an initiator. The molecularly imprinted membranes were synthesis using acetophenone (APH), di-butyl sabacate (DBS), Di octylphthalate (DOPH) and triolyl phosphate (TP)as plasticizers in PVC matrix. The slopes and limit of detection of l
... Show MoreIn this research, we prepared a polymer blend of polyvinylalcohol (PVA)/carrageenan/kaolinite by means of the solution cast approach. The composition of the blend was PVA in 1 gm by weight with 0.2 gm carrageenan as a plasticizer. The ratio of nanoclay varied between 1 and 5 wt%. Different properties were investigated in this study such as water vapor permeability, hardness, tear strength, color stability, thermal stability, and antibacterial activity. Water vapor permeability was decreased with increasing the ratio of nanoclay, while the values of hardness, tear strength, color stability, and thermal stability were increased. Also, the antibacterial activity examination with two types of bacteria, e.g.
... Show MoreThe precursor [W] [2-(2-(naphthalen-5-yl) diazenyl)-4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1sulfonic acid] was synthesized from reaction of diazonium salt with 1-amino-2-naphtol-4sulfonic acid. Then the tridentate Schiff base ligand type ONO was synthesized from the reaction of the precursor with salicyaldehyde in 1:1 mole ratio to produce the ligand H2L [2-(2-(naphthalen5-yl) diazenyl)-4-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-3-yl)methyleneamino)-3-hydroxy salicyalene-1-sulfonic acid],the reaction achieved in methanol as a solvent under reflux. Spectroscopic methods IR, U.V, 1H,13C-NMR was used to characterize the ligand. Complexes of [CrIII, CoII, NiII and CdII] ions were also prepared through reaction of ligand with metal salts in 2:1 mole ratio at reflux,
... Show MoreIn this work, the preparation of some new oxazolidine and thiazolidine derivatives has been conducted. This was done over two steps; the first step included the synthesis of Schiff bases A1-A5 in 72-88% yields by the condensation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide and aldehydes. The second step includes the cyclization of derivatives A1-A5 with glycolic acid and thioglycolic acid to obtain the desired products, oxazolidine derivatives B1-B5 (44-60% yields) and thiazolidine derivatives C1-C5 (41-61% yields), respectively. The structure of the prepared compounds was characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Some of the produced compounds were tested for antioxidant properties.
The influence of different types of plasmonic gold (Au-NPs) and silver (Ag-NPs) nanoparticles as well as aging on the performance of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) sensors were studied. The average diameters of Au-NPs and Ag-NPs were about 23 nm and 15 nm, respectively, with a number of laser pulses of about 200. plasmonic nanoparticles were synthesized by laser ablation process in distilled water using a fixed energy laser fluence of about 14 J/cm2 of Nd-YAG laser, with 1060 nm wavelength and 1 Hz pulse repetition rate. The SERS sensor was carried out by quick drop casting process of plasmonicplasmonic nanoparticles on glass substrates. The morphological aspects and the performance of SERS sensors were investigated
... Show MoreThe current research aims to identify the level of impact of strategic improvisation as an independent variable on organizational health. The dependent variable in the Department of Health of Dhi Qar to reach appropriate mechanisms in order to reach appropriate mechanisms and recommendations proposed to contribute to the achievement of organizational health in the Department of Health of Dhi Qar (the research department) and based on the importance of the subject of research in government institutions and the important and service role of the Department of Health of Dhi Qar in the Iraqi society. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted in the completion of the research based on the opinions of the leaders in the surveyed depa
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