This paper investigates some exact and local search methods to solve the traveling salesman problem. The Branch and Bound technique (BABT) is proposed, as an exact method, with two models. In addition, the classical Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA) are discussed and applied as local search methods. To improve the performance of GA we propose two kinds of improvements for GA; the first is called improved GA (IGA) and the second is Hybrid GA (HGA).

The IGA gives best results than GA and SA, while the HGA is the best local search method for all within a reasonable time for 5 ≤ n ≤ 2000, where n is the number of visited cities. An effective method of reducing the size of the TSP matrix was proposed with

Early detection of brain tumors is critical for enhancing treatment options and extending patient survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning gives more detailed information, such as greater contrast and clarity than any other scanning method. Manually dividing brain tumors from many MRI images collected in clinical practice for cancer diagnosis is a tough and time-consuming task. Tumors and MRI scans of the brain can be discovered using algorithms and machine learning technologies, making the process easier for doctors because MRI images can appear healthy when the person may have a tumor or be malignant. Recently, deep learning techniques based on deep convolutional neural networks have been used to analyze med

We consider some nonlinear partial differential equations in higher dimensions, the negative order of the Calogero-Bogoyavelnskii-Schiff (nCBS) equationin (2+1) dimensions, the combined of the Calogero-Bogoyavelnskii-Schiff equation and the negative order of the Calogero-Bogoyavelnskii-Schiff equation (CBS-nCBS) in (2+1) dimensions, and two models of the negative order Korteweg de Vries (nKdV) equations in (3+1) dimensions. We show that these equations can be reduced to the  same class of ordinary differential equations via wave reduction variable. Solutions in terms of symmetrical Fibonacci and Lucas functions are presented by implementation of the modified Kudryashov method.

Medical imaging is a technique that has been used for diagnosis and treatment of a large number of diseases. Therefore it has become necessary to conduct a good image processing to extract the finest desired result and information. In this study, genetic algorithm (GA)-based clustering technique (K-means and Fuzzy C Means (FCM)) were used to segment thyroid Computed Tomography (CT) images to an extraction thyroid tumor. Traditional GA, K-means and FCM algorithms were applied separately on the original images and on the enhanced image with Anisotropic Diffusion Filter (ADF). The resulting cluster centers from K-means and FCM were used as the initial population in GA for the implementation of GAK-Mean and GAFCM. Jaccard index was used to s

Ping message focused on highlighting the fact commodity trading in Iraq, and increased exposure to world merchandise trade imbalance, which dominate Iraq's foreign trade major commodity is oil, and therefore the inability of Iraq to control financial revenue as a result of the fluctuations in the international market, the shortage of commodity products will lead inevitably to the weakness in the ability of the local market to meet the internal demand and due to the lack of flexible production machine For agricultural, industrial and economic sectors are responding to changes in the domestic or external demand which will open the door to merchandise imports to invade these markets, since the adoption of the Iraq oil exports,

Amongst the literary writers who used their art to direct the attention towards the issue of woman and her rights in a proper life is the English poet and novelist Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), who has been praised for his “openness to the feminine principle” 1 as Irving Howe put it. Hardy’s wide readings have changed his way of dealing with and thinking about so many critical issues which started to float on the surface of the English society during the mid and late of the 19th century. His readings for a number of writers, who seem of huge impact on his writings as he later admits that – “[his] pages show harmony of view with

The A2?u-X1?g+ emission band system of 7LiH1 molecule has been calculated for Lambda doubling. The relation between wave number ?p , ?Q , ?R conducted the energies of the state of rotation F (J), and (J + 1) with rotational quantum number J, respectively, of 7LiH1 molecule for statehood A2?u using the rotation, fixed vibrational states of both the ground and raised crossovers vibrational against ???= 0 to V ' = 0-4using rotational levels J = 0 to J = 20 have found.

Developing smart city planning requires integrating various techniques, including geospatial techniques, building information models (BIM), information and communication technology (ICT), and artificial intelligence, for instance, three-dimensional (3D) building models, in enabling smart city applications. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the role and significance of geospatial techniques in smart city planning and implementation. The literature review encompasses (74) studies from diverse databases, examining relevant solutions and prototypes related to smart city planning. The focus highlights the requirements and preparation of geospatial techniques to support the transition to a smart city. The paper explores various aspects,

Spatial data analysis is performed in order to remove the skewness, a measure of the asymmetry of the probablitiy distribution. It also improve the normality, a key concept of statistics from the concept of normal distribution “bell shape”, of the properties like improving the normality porosity, permeability and saturation which can be are visualized by using histograms. Three steps of spatial analysis are involved here; exploratory data analysis, variogram analysis and finally distributing the properties by using geostatistical algorithms for the properties. Mishrif Formation (unit MB1) in Nasiriya Oil Field was chosen to analyze and model the data for the first eight wells. The field is an anticline structure with northwest- south

abstract

the research discussed a stage of strategic management. The strategic of the evaluation of the proposed strategy through feedback is to ensure that it is implemented with the least possible variation. The research aims at evaluation  a proposed strategy for the Ministry of Planning for the years 2018-2022 in line with the orientations of the state, taking into account the surrounding environmental conditions. It relies on scientific bases and steps to formulate the strategy The extent of the strategy suitability was tested through a set of statistical means and its objectivity was verified through a survey of a number of specialized experts who were selected in accordance with the principle