The (NiTsPc) thin films operating by vacuum evaporation technique are high recital and good desirable for number of applications, were dumped on glass substrates at room temperature with (200±20nm) thickness and doped with Al at different percentage (0.01,0.03) besides annealing the sample with 200˚C for 1 hours . The stimuluses of aluminum dopant percentage on characterization of the dropped (Ni Ts Pc) thin films were studied through X-ray diffraction in addition from the attained results, were all the films have polycrystalline in nature, as well the fallouts of XRD aimed at film illustrations polycrystalline, depending on the Al ratio doping, the results, SEM exposed the surface is regularly homogeneous. Utilizing first-ideolog

The research involves using phenol – formaldehyde (Novolak) resin as matrix for making composite material, while glass fiber type (E) was used as reinforcing materials. The specimen of the composite material is reinforced with (60%) ratio of glass fiber.

      The impregnation method is used in test sample preparation, using molding by pressure presses.

      All samples were exposure to (Co⁶⁰) gamma rays of an average energy (2.5)Mev. The total doses were (208, 312 and 728) KGy.

      The mechanical tests (bending, bending strength, shear force, impact strength and surface indentation) were performed on un irradiated and irrad

The optical properties for the components CuIn(SexTe1-x)2 thin films with both values of selenium content (x) [0.4 and 0.6] are studied. The films have been prepared by the vacuum thermal evaporation method with thickness of (250±5nm) on glass substrates. From the transmittance and absorbance spectra within the range of wavelength (400-900)nm, we determined the forbidden optical energy gap (Egopt) and the constant (B). From the studyingthe relation between absorption coefficient (α) photon energy, we determined the tails width inside the energy gap.
The results showed that the optical transition is direct; we also found that the optical energy gap increases with annealing temperature and selenium content (x). However, the width of l

The lead-acid battery has become so dependable in its used applications of automobile starting, emergency lighting and telecommunications, which left an impression that no further investigation is necessary or desirable. While there has been slow continuous improvements in lead-acid battery performance and mainly limited to design and material engineering. This work is mainly devoted to the properties of the active mass of the positive electrode and the acid/water ratio during the manufacturing process. A field study is carried out at the State Battery Manufacturing Company located in Baghdad, to prepare batches of lead mono-oxide with predefined quantities of liquid additives (i.e. sulfuric acid and water). Quality control and laborator

ABSTRACT:In this paper, Cd10–xZnxS (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) films were deposited by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique, the molar concentration precursor solution was 0.15 M/L. Depositions were done at 350°C on cleaned glass substrates. X-ray dif- fraction technique (XRD) studies for all the prepared film; all the films are crystalline with hexagonal structure .The optical properties of the prepared films were studied using measurements from VIS-UV-IR spectrophotometer at wave- length with the range 300 - 900 nm; the average transmission of the minimum doping ratio (Zn at 0.1%) was about 55% in the VIS region, it was decrease at the increasing of Zn concentration in the CdS films, The band gap of the doped CdS films was varied as 3.7, 3

Phoenix dactylifera l. pinnae (the green leaves of dates palm) were used as natural reinforcing (strengthening) fibers to improve the mechanical properties of polyester as a matrix material, the fibers of the green leaves of dates palm were used in two lengths, 10 and 20mm with five rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% , where the reinforcing with the leaves fibers increases the hardness strength from 76.5 to be about 86.55 , the Impact value raised from about 0.313 to 0.461 , in addition to that the flexural strength from 2.66 to be about 55 , and the thermal conductivity increases from 2.54 𝑤∕𝑚.℃ to 5.41 𝑤∕𝑚.℃. The results of the present search explains that the composite samples reinforced at rate 20% and 10mm fiber length

Thin films of (Cu2S)100-x( SnS2 )x at X=[ 30,40, &50)]% with thickness (0.9±0.03)µm , had been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates at 573 K. These films were then annealed under low pressure of(10-2) mbar ,373)423&473)K for one hour . This research includes , studying the the optical properties of (Cu2S)100-x-(SnS2)x at X=[ 30,40, &50)]% .Moreover studying the effect of annealing on their optical properties , in order to fabricate films with high stability and transmittance that can be used in solar cells. The transmittance and absorbance spectra had been recorded in the wavelength range (310 - 1100) nm in order to study the optical properties . It was found that these films had direct optical band

The city of Baghdad has recently witnessed an increase in urban land due to the recent economic growth, which negatively affected the environment of the study area through the retraction of the agricultural lands surrounding the city. Therefore, we studied the relationship between increasing urban expansion and changes in the local climate of Baghdad for the period from 2008 to 2018. The information derived from the satellites utilized in this search showed the changes in ground cover during the study period, while the evaporation rate data source from the European Center for Forecasting (ECMWF) confirmed the effects of urban expansion on evaporation rates. Increasing urbanization increased evaporation rates and decreased vegetation degr