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Study of starch, sugar blending effect on the biodegradability of (PVA) for packaging applications
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PVA, Starch/PVA, and Starch/PVA/sugar samples of different
concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40 % wt/wt) were prepared by casting
method. DSC analysis was carried; the results showed only one glass
transition temperature (Tg) for the samples involved, which suggest
that starch/PVA and starch/PVA/sugar blends are miscible. The
miscibility is attributed to the hydrogen bonds between PVA and
starch. This is in a good agreement with (FTIR) results. Tg and Tm
decrease with starch and sugar content compared with that for
(PVA). Systematic decrease in ultimate strength, due to starch and
sugar ratio increase, is attributed to (PVA), which has more hydroxyl
groups that made its ultimate strength higher than that for
starch/PVA, and starch/PVA/sugar blends. It is observed from water
uptake tests that the solubility time decreases with starch ratio; it is
attributed to decrease in hydroxyl groups caused by PVA ratio
decrease. The inter- and inter-molecular bonds of the hydroxyl
groups enhanced the solubility process of the starch/PVA blends in
water. The water immersion causes hydrogen bonds (inter and
intermolecular bonds) to decompose, that increases the film
solubility. Water absorption and capacity of degradability are most
important in biodegradable materials. The results suggest the samples
that have undergone investigation, can be used for shopping, and
food packaging.
The study of soil burial for the sample at (3cm) depth, and at (13cm)
depth has exhibited weight loss increase with soil burial time. The
biodegradability rapidly increases at the first (6-7) weeks; it is found
that the weight loss at (3cm) depth is greater than that at (13cm) that
was attributed to the differences in the availability of oxygen ratio. It
is found that PVA undergoes lowest weight loss, the weight loss
changes with starch, and sugar content. In dry soil, the weight loss is
lower. The results proved that the biodegradation decreases with soil
burial time after seven weeks of burial. It is concluded that the
samples involved are biodegradable material that can be used for
packaging applications and biologically friendly synthetic polymer
blends to solve the solid waste accumulation problem.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Entrepreneurship
The moderating effect of business environment on the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and small business performance in Iraq
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The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of business environment on the relationship between Entrepreneurial Skills (ES) and business performance of Small Business (SB) in Iraq, Baghdad. This study aims to resolve the inconsistencies found in the contemporary literature regarding the relationship between ES and business performance. Questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was adopted from previous work to ascertain the responses of the respondents. Survey research design was adopted, and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data from small business owners in 9 districts in Baghdad the capital of Iraq. The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23.0. The direct relationship and hierarchical regre

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 01 2025
Journal Name
مجلة كلية التربية الاساسية
The Effect of the Cornell Note-Taking Strategy on Systematic Thinking Skills Among Second-Year Intermediate Female Students
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The current research aims to identify the effect of the note-taking strategy (CORNELL) on systematic thinking among second-grade female students in government daytime secondary and intermediate schools. Al-Fadhila School was intentionally chosen to be its student sample for the research affiliated with the First Karkh Directorate for the academic year (2024-2025). Then one of the two sections was randomly chosen to represent the experimental group that studies according to the note-taking strategy (CORNELL) and the other the control group that studies according to the usual method. The equivalence of the two research groups was verified by a set of variables, which were represented by chronological age in months, previous achievement in che

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Lap Lambert Academic Publishing
High Order Tow Point Boundary Value Problems And Its Applications
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The aim of this book is to present a method for solving high order ordinary differential equations with two point boundary condition of the different kind, we propose semi-analytic technique using two-point osculatory interpolation to construct polynomial solution. The original problem is concerned using two-points osculatory interpolation with the fit equal numbers of derivatives at the end points of an interval [0 , 1] . Also, we discussion the existence and uniqueness of solutions and many examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability, accuracy and efficiency of the methods by compared with conventional method .i.e. VIDM , Septic B-Spline , , NIM , HPM, Haar wavelets on one hand and to confirm the order convergence on the other

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 02 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Using Sensitivity Analysis in Linear Programming with Practical Physical Applications
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Linear programming currently occupies a prominent position in various fields and has wide applications, as its importance lies in being a means of studying the behavior of a large number of systems as well. It is also the simplest and easiest type of models that can be created to address industrial, commercial, military and other dilemmas. Through which to obtain the optimal quantitative value. In this research, we dealt with the post optimality solution, or what is known as sensitivity analysis, using the principle of shadow prices. The scientific solution to any problem is not a complete solution once the optimal solution is reached. Any change in the values of the model constants or what is known as the inputs of the model that will chan

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 27 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Obstacles to employing social media applications in measuring public opinion
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Media and communication's research are varied in accordance to research approaches' variety which seeks to reach convergent social, psycholo

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 01 2025
Journal Name
Mastering The Minds Of Machines
Recurrent Neural Networks and its Applications in Time Series Data
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 19 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
Figurative theory (Gestalt) and its applications in Iraqi musical templates
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The musical templates are the fundamental reason for admiration and interest among a lot of cultural and societal medias because of the beauty of it's melodic value, where a lot of Iraqi singing and music specialists and composers try to consolidate daily life idea and translate it into music in a manner that preserve the template and rhythm horizontally and vertically, through the involvement of the scientific and philosophical concepts and theories of modern thought to reach the recipient,, as is the theory of form (Gestalt), one of the most important theories that stretched to their interpretations to the field in general art and in music science, especially, as an area that can be manifested as partial components template music, conn

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Study the Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles Combination with Antibiotics and Plant extracts Against Some Gram Negative Bacteria
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Titanium dioxide TiO2 has been widely utilized in cleaning and sterilizing material for many clinical tools sanitary ware, food tableware and cooking and items for use in hospitals. Titanium dioxide TiO2 non toxicity and long term physical and chemical stability. It has been widely used decomposition of organic compounds and microbial organisms such as cancer cell, viruses and bacteria as well as its potential application in sterilization of medical devices. The aim of the study the effect of titanium dioxide TiO2 on some Gram negative bacteria and study their effects on some virulence factors and chromosomal DNA.In this study, we obtained (E. coli ? Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris ? Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? Klebsiella pneumonia and Ac

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
The Effect of the Combination of Organic Fertilizer and Spraying with Silicon and Calcium on the Growth and Production of Three Cultivars of Beet
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Abstract<p>Field experiments were carried out for the autumn season 2022- 2021 in the field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Jadiriyah Complex –Station A- to study a combination of organic fertilizer (Vermicompost) and cow manure as well as a control treatment (soil only) intertwined with Spraying with silicon, calcium and distilled water (control) in the growth and production of three cultivars of beet (Cylindra, Dark Red, Red) within the design of Completely Randomized Block Design at three replications, The number of treatments was 9 for each replicate. The means were compared according to the least significant difference (L.S.D) at a probability lev</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 02 2022
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
The effect of the relationship of leptin hormone and live body weight on some chemical characteristics of the blood serum of local laying hens
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The study was conducted out at the Ministry of Agriculture's Poultry Research Station/Animal ResourcesDepartment/Agricultural Research Center. To see how body weight (BW) and leptin hormone (LEP) levels inbreeder blood affect fertility and hatchability. 140 Iraqi local laying chickens (120 females + 20 males) aged 28weeks were used in the study. Following the numbering of The experiment was divided into three periods,each lasting 28 days, during which the breeder's live body weight was recorded and divided into two categories(greater than 1.5 kg and less than 1.5 kg), and blood samples were collected at the end of each period todetermine the concentration of leptin hormone in the breeders' blood. For comparison between mothers'performance,

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