The study addressed the water ecosystems of the marshes of Maysan Governorate as one of the important areas in Iraq in terms of the environmental, economic and tourism aspects. This area was exposed to great environmental changes due to natural and human factors which greatly affected the water ecosystem and made the area susceptible to many problems that affected the biological life of living organisms. The marshes of Maysan Governorate was affected by vital factors and non-vital factors. The marshes of Maysan Governorate was characterized by the UN Organization as one of the most important centers of biodiversity in the world because of the abundance of different and rare living organisms such as birds, fish, and reptiles as well as the e

The object of the presented study was to monitor the changes that had happened in the main features (water, vegetation, and soil) of Al-Hammar Marsh region. To fulfill this goal, different satellite images had been used in different times, MSS 1973, TM 1990, ETM+ 2000, 2002, and MODIS 2009, 2010. A new technique of the unsupervised classification called (Color Extracting Technique) was used to classify the satellite images. MATLAP programming used the technique and separated Al-Hammar Marsh from other water features (rivers, irrigated lands, etc.) when calculated the changes in the water content of the study region. ArcGIS 9.3 (arcMAP, arcToolbox) were used to achieve this work and calculate area of each class.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a simple high sensitivity vapor sensor for propanol ((CH3)2CHOH). A free space gap was employed in two arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to serve as the sensing mechanism by adding propanol volume (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) ml and to set the phase reference with a physical spacing of (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) mm. The propagation constant of transmitted light in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer’s gap changes due to the small variation in the refractive index inside sensing arm that will further shift the optical phase of the signal. Experimental results indicated that the highest sensitivity of propanol was about 0.0275 nm/ml in different liquid volume while highest phase shift was 0.182×103 i

    Deriving land cover information from satellite data is one of the most common applications employed to monitor, evaluate, and manage the environment. This study aims to detect the land cover/land use changes and calculate the areas of different land cover types in Baghdad, Iraq, for the period from 2015 to 2020, using Landsat 8 images. The supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method was applied to classify the images. Four land cover types were obtained, namely urban, vegetation, water, and barren soil.  Changes in the four land cover classes during the study period were observed. The extent of the urban, vegetation, and water areas was increased by about 7.5%, 9.5%, and 1.5%, respectively, whereas t

The gas sensing properties of Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄:Y nano structures were investigated. The films were synthesized using the hydrothermal method on a seeded layer. The XRD, SEM analysis and gas sensing properties were investigated for Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄:Y thin films. XRD analysis shows that all films are polycrystalline in nature, having a cubic structure, and the crystallite size is (11.7)nm for cobalt oxide and (9.3)nm for the Co₃O₄:10%Y. The SEM analysis of thin films obviously indicates that Co₃O₄ possesses a nanosphere-like structure and a flower-like structure for Co₃O₄:Y.

The sen

This work deals with thermal cracking of heavy vacuum gas oil which produced from the top of vacuum distillation unit at Al- DURA refinery, by continuous process. An experimental laboratory plant scale was constructed in laboratories of chemical engineering department, Al-Nahrain University and Baghdad University. The thermal cracking process was carried out at temperature ranges between 460-560^oC and atmospheric pressure with liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) equal to 15hr^-1.The liquid product from thermal cracking unit was distilled by atmospheric distillation device according to ASTM D-86 in order to achieve two fractions, below 220^oC as a gasoline fraction and above 220^oC as light cycle o

    The current study was designed to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in thirty two samples of fish feedstuff were collected randomly from some Iraqi local markets using ELISA technique. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in thirty samples and the concentration of toxin ranged from 50 ppb to 1000 ppb.  

   Microwave and ozone were used for detoxification of aflatoxin B1 from sample with highest concentration (1000 ppb), two degree of temperature and two times (50°C and 100°C for 5 minute and 10 minute to each degree) of microwave, also two doses and two times (2 g and 4 g for 5 minute and 10 minute to each dose) of ozone gas were used.

   Degradation of aflatoxin B1 by

Concentration of NORM then radiological hazard indices were investigated and assessed in different stages of oil and gas production industry that belongs to East Baghdad Oil Field. Sixteen samples of different types of materials were collected representing oil and gas production from first stage to final stage. The samples are prepared then sent to Radiation Protection Center (RPC) / Ministry of Environment for radioactivity analysis using gamma ray spectrometry system based on HPGe. The results show that max value of Ra-226 is 252.4 Bq/kg in sediment sample collected from the final stage of water treatment before it is transferred to disposal well and min value is 1.2 Bq/kg in formation water. The max. activity of Th-232 is 79.4Bq/kg al

In this work, a (CdO)_0.94:(In₂O₃)_0.06 film was developed on a glass substrate using Q- switching pulse laser beam (Nd:YAG; wavelength 1064 nm). The quantitative elemental analysis of the (CdO)_0.94:(In₂O₃)_0.06 thin film was achieved using energy dispersive X- ray diffraction (EDX). The topological and morphological properties of the deposited thin film were investigated using atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scan electron microscopy (FESEM). The I-V characteristic and Hall effect of (CdO)_0.94 :(In₂O₃)_0.06 thin films were used  to  study the electrical properties. The gas sensor prope

This study includes the preparation of the ferrite nano ferrite Cu_xAl_0.3-XNi_0.7Fe₂O₄ (where: x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3) M using the auto combustion method (sol-gel), and citric acid was used as fuel for auto combustion. The ferrite samples were checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). They showed that the prepared compound has a face-centered cubic structure (FCC). The lattice constant increases with an increase in the percentage of doping of the copper ions, and a decrease for the aluminum ion and that the compound is porous and its grains are spherical, and there are no other