This study focuses on synthesizing Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) thin films on silicon wafers and quartz substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering for NO2 gas sensors. The films undergo annealing in ambient air at 800 °C for 1 hr. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Hall effect measurements, and sensitivity measurements, are employed to evaluate the structural, morphological, electrical, and sensing properties of the Nb2O5 thin films. XRD analysis confirms the polycrystalline nature and hexagonal crystal structure of Nb2O5. The optical band gap values of the Nb2O5 thin films demonstrate a decrease from 4.74 to 3.73 eV as the sputtering power is increased from 25 to 75 W. AFM images illustrate a progressive increase in particle size ranging from (41.86) to (45.56) nm, with varying sputtering power between 25 and 75 W. Additionally, EDS analysis validates the rise in Nb content, increasing from 12.2 at. % to 20.1 at. %, corresponding to the increase in sputtering power. Hall effect measurements show that all films exhibit n-type charge carriers, and increasing sputtering power leads to decreased carrier concentration and enhanced mobility. The gas sensor's sensitivity, response, and recovery time were evaluated at various operating temperatures. The NO2 sensor exhibited an optimal sensitivity of 28.6% at 200 °C when the sputtering power was set to 50 W.
A simple analytical method was used in the present work for the simultaneous quantification of Ciprofloxacin and Isoniazid in pharmaceutical preparations. UV-Visible spectrophotometry has been applied to quantify these compounds in pure and mixture solutions using the first-order derivative method. The method depends on the first derivative spectrophotometry using zero-cross, peak to baseline, peak to peak and peak area measurements. Good linearity was shown in the concentration range of 2 to 24 μg∙mL-1 for Ciprofloxacin and 2 to 22 μg∙mL-1 for Isoniazid in the mixture, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9990 and 0.9989 respectively using peak area mode. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) wer
... Show MoreThe compounds 3-[4̄-(4˭-methoxybenzoyloxy) benzylideneamino]-2-thioxo-imidazolidine-4-one(3)aand 4-(1-(5-oxo- 2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-ylimino)ethyl)phenyl acetate(3)b were prepared from the reaction of aromatic aldehyde or ketone(1)a,bwith thiosemicarbazide to give aryl thiosemicarbazones(2)a,b ,followed by cyclization with ethylchloroacetate in the presence of fused sodium acetate. Treatment the compounds(3)a,bwith 4- hydroxybenzenediazoniumchloride yielded the correspondings4-((4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)-5-oxo-2- thioxoimidazolidin-1-ylimino)methyl)phenyl 4-methoxybenzoate(4)aand4-(1-(4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)-5-oxo-2- thioxoimidazolidin-1-ylimino)ethyl)phenyl acetate(4)b.The new 2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one with esters (5-7)a,b sy
... Show MoreIn this study, 20 patients were selected having renal failure .10 patients were hemo& 10 peritoneal dialysis procedure. Patients had been given r HuEPO subcutaneous with supplement of Iron dextran after di alysis . Hemoglobin Hb concentration Hematocrit(Hct),serum I ron ,total Iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation percent Ts%
& Serum ferritin were measured. Non significant chan
... Show MoreAspirin and clopidogrel are considered the most important oral platelets aggregation inhibitors. So it is widely used for treatment and prophylaxis of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases related to platelets aggregation .In this study aspirin and clopidogrel were formulated together as floating bilayer tablet system. Three different formulas of 75 mg aspirin were prepared by wet granulation method as immediate release layer; different disintegrants used to achieve rapid disintegration. Formula with crosscarmellose as disintegrant achieve rapid disintegration was selected for preparation of bilayer tablet.
Different formulas of 75 mg clopidogrel were prepared as sustained release floating layer by wet granulation (effe
... Show MoreVascular injury is still common in countries such as Iraq where both military and urban violence are endemic.
This is a report of a thirty eight year old civilian patient who had been inflicted with shrapnel injury during the 3rd. Gulf war, which had caused two different types of vascular injury with minimal evidence of vascular injury with evidence of only two small wounds in the neck and upper chest at the time of injury but presented few months later with a pulsatile neck mass and palpable thrill across the right supraclavicular area and upper chest.
Preoperative investigations were done including Doppler study and angiography which confirmed the presence of right common carotid artery aneurysm and
New, simple and accurate batch and flow injection spectrophotometric
methods have been developed for the determinationsof tetracycline
hydrochloride (TCH) and doxycycline hyclate (DCH) in pharmaceutical
preparations. The methods are based on diazotization of
metchlopramide and coupling reaction with either TCH or DCH in alkaline
medium to form yellow–orange water soluble dye with absorption maxima
at 414 and 436 nm for TCH and DCH, respectively. A graphs of absorbance
versus concentration show that Beer’s law was obeyed over the
concentration ranges of 1 –52 μgmL-1 TCH and DCH for batch method and
of 8 – 240 μg mL-1 TCH and 5 – 350 μgmL-1 DCH for FIA method. The
limits of detection in batchmetho
The removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by sorptive flotation using Amberlite IR120 as a resin, and flotation column, was investigated. A combined two-stage process is proposed as an alternative of the heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions. The first stage is the sorption of heavy metals onto Amberlite IR120 followed by dispersed-air flotation. The sorption of metal ions on the resin, depending on contact time, pH, resin dosage, and initial metal concentration was studied in batch method .Various parameters such as pH, air flow rate, and surfactant concentration were investigated in the flotation stage. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) were used as anionic and cationic surfactant re
... Show More6-Amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-cyano-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1, 4-dihydropyrano [2,3-c] pyrazole (compound 2) was prepared by condensation of 2-(4-hydroxylbenzylidine) malononitrile (compound 1) [which was prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile with 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde ] with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one. Reactions of compound 2 with different reagents formic acid, formamide, and ammonium thiocyanate under microwave irradiation leads to the synthesis of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,6-dihydro- pyrazolo [3', 4':5,6] pyrano [2,3-d] pyrimidine-5-one (compound 3), 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4, 6-dihydro- pyrazolo [3', 4':5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-imine (compound 4) and N-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 3-me
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