The present research deals with the spatial variance analysis in Jwartadistrict and conducting a comparison on the spatial and seasonal changes of the vegetation cover between (2007-2013) in order to deduce the relationship between the vegetation density and the areas which are exposed to the risk of water erosion by using Plant Variation Index  NDVI) C (coefficient and by using Satellite images of Landsat satellite which are taken in 2/7/2007 and Satellite images of Landsat satellite taken in 11/1/ 2013, the programs of remote sensitivity and the Geographic Information Systems.

    The study reveals that there is a variance in the density of vegetation cover of the area under study betwee 2007 and 2013. Howev

In this paper, a new technique is offered for solving three types of linear integral equations of the 2^nd kind including Volterra-Fredholm integral equations (LVFIE) (as a general case), Volterra integral equations (LVIE) and Fredholm integral equations (LFIE) (as special cases). The new technique depends on approximating the solution to a polynomial of degree  and therefore reducing the problem to a linear programming problem(LPP), which will be solved to find the approximate solution of LVFIE. Moreover, quadrature methods including trapezoidal rule (TR), Simpson 1/3 rule (SR), Boole rule (BR), and Romberg integration formula (RI) are used to approximate the integrals that exist in LVFIE. Also, a comparison between those

In this work; copper oxide films (CuO) were fabricated by PLD. The films were analyzed by UV-VIS absorption spectra and their thickness by using profilometer. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used for prepared CuO thin films under O₂ gas environment with varying both pulse energy and annealing temperature. The optical properties of   as-grown film such as optical transmittance spectrum, refractive index and energy gap has been measured experimentally and the effects of laser pulse energy  and annealing temperature on it were studied. An inverse relationship between energy gap and both annealing temperature and pulse energy was observed.

In this study, an unknown force function dependent on the space in the wave equation is investigated. Numerically wave equation splitting in two parts, part one using the finite-difference method (FDM). Part two using separating variables method. This is the continuation and changing technique for solving inverse problem part in (1,2). Instead, the boundary element method (BEM) in (1,2), the finite-difference method (FDM) has applied. Boundary data are in the role of overdetermination data. The second part of the problem is inverse and ill-posed, since small errors in the extra boundary data cause errors in the force solution. Zeroth order of Tikhonov regularization, and several parameters of regularization are employed to decrease error

In this paper an atmometer apparatus were used in the greenhouses for estimating reference evapotranspiration values. Experimental work was conducted in the agriculture research center in the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad west of the city of Baghdad. One atmometer was used in eggplant greenhouse and in cucumber greenhouse through the winter growing season 2013-2014. FAO Penman-Monteith equation was applied outside the greenhouse and used only 65% from the value of ET_o in the greenhouses for estimating the reference evapotranspiration in the greenhouse. Moreover, Penman-Monteith equation was applied in greenhouses for the evaluating the performance of the atmometer. The results show that the erro

Conditional logistic regression is often used to study the relationship between event outcomes and specific prognostic factors in order to application of logistic regression and utilizing its predictive capabilities into environmental studies. This research seeks to demonstrate a novel approach of implementing conditional logistic regression in environmental research through inference methods predicated on longitudinal data. Thus, statistical analysis of longitudinal data requires methods that can properly take into account the interdependence within-subjects for the response measurements. If this correlation ignored then inferences such as statistical tests and confidence intervals can be invalid largely.

The electric energy is one of the most important renewable energies used in the world as it is the main source for sustainable development and economic development through its use in (production, transport and distribution), and in Iraq, the electric power sector has suffered from many problems and obstacles, as providing electric current is one of the most prominent difficulties and challenges That successive governments and residents have faced since the early nineties of the last century and are still ongoing, and that Iraq has all the climatic conditions for developing the work of the electricity system from renewable energies such as solar and hydroelectric energy, as well as gas fields that have become a Basic pillar of pow

Fingerprint recognition is one among oldest procedures of identification. An important step in automatic fingerprint matching is to mechanically and dependably extract features. The quality of the input fingerprint image has a major impact on the performance of a feature extraction algorithm. The target of this paper is to present a fingerprint recognition technique that utilizes local features for fingerprint representation and matching. The adopted local features have determined: (i) the energy of Haar wavelet subbands, (ii) the normalized of Haar wavelet subbands. Experiments have been made on three completely different sets of features which are used when partitioning the fingerprint into overlapped blocks. Experiments are conducted on

In this paper, we study and investigate the quark anti-quark interaction mechanism through the annihilation process. The production of photons in association with interaction quark and gluon in the annihilation process. We investigate the effect of critical temperature, strength coupling and photons energy in terms of the quantum chromodynamics model theory framework. We find that the use of large critical temperature Tc =134 allows us to dramatically increase the strength coupling of quarks interaction. Its sensitivity to decreasing in photons rate with respect to strength coupling estimates. We also discuss the effect of photons energy on the rate of the photon , such as energies in range (1.5 to 5 GeV).The photons rate increases