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Study of optical bistability in a fully optimized laser Fabry-Perot system
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The analytical study of optical bistability is concerned in a fully
optimized laser Fabry-Perot system. The related phenomena of
switching dynamics and optimization procedure are also included.
From the steady state of optical bistability equation can plot the
incident intensity versus the round trip phase shift (φ) for different
values of dark mistuning 




12
,
6
,
3
,
1.5
0 , o
   
 or finesse (F= 1, 5, 20,
100). In order to obtain different optical bistable loops. The inputoutput
characteristic for a nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon of a different
values of finesse (F) and using different initial detuning (φ0) are used
in this research. When the cavity finesse values increase, the switch-
ON intensity increases for the same value of (φ0), because the
bistable loop width increases with increasing the cavity finesse
values.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
a study of the womens collages in usa
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The study aims to identify the colleges women in the USA where he was browsing the Internet for five universities and sixty-two women's college located these colleges in 25 states only three general and other civil 51% supported by the churches and religious associations of various began its founding in Alqrnn eighteenth and continued in the nineteenth and twentieth and to provide an opportunity for women to complete higher education, while most men's colleges opened their doors to the admission of women and turned it on coeducation

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Removal of Fluoride Ions from Wastewater Using Green and Blue-green Algae Biomass in a Fluidized Bed System
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The removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solution onto algal biomass as biosorbent in batch and continuous fluidized bed systems was studied. Batch system was used to study the effects of process parameters such as, pH (2-3.5), influent fluoride ions concentration (10- 50 mg/l), algal biomass dose (0–1.5 g/ 200 ml solution), to determine the best operating conditions. These conditions were pH=2.5, influent fluoride ions concentration= 10 mg/l, and algal biomass dose=3.5 mg/l. While, in continuous fluidized bed system, different operating conditions were used; flow rate (0.667- 0.800 l/min), bed depth (8-15 cm) corresponded to bed weight of (80- 150 g). The results show that the breakthrough time increases with the inc

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The effect of thickness on the optical properties of Cu2S thin films
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In this work, the optical properties of Cu2S with different thickness
(1400, 2400, 4400) Ǻ have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolys
is method onto clean glass substrate heated at 283 oC ±2. The effect
of thickness on the optical properties of Cu2S has been studied. It
was found that the optical properties of the electronic transitions on
fundamental absorption edge were direct allowed and the value of the
optical energy gap of Cu2S (Eg) for direct transition decreased from
(2.4-2.1) eV with increasing of the thickness from (1400 - 4400)Ǻ
respectively. Also it was found that the absorption coefficient is
increased with increasing of thicknesses. The optical constants such<

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2023
Journal Name
2nd International Conference On Mathematical Techniques And Applications: Icmta2021
Annealing effect on structural and optical properties of Sb2S3 thin film
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The effect of annealing on the structural and optical properties of Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is investigated. Sb2S3 powder is vaporized on clean glass substrates at room temperature under high vacuum pressure to form thin films. The structural research was done with the aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The amorphous to the polycrystalline transformation of these thin films was shown by X-ray diffraction analysis after thermal annealing. These films' morphology is explained. The absorption coefficient and optical energy gap of the investigated films are calculated using transmission spectra. Both samples have strong absorption in the visible spectrum, according to UV-visible absorption spectra. The optical

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Alloys And Compounds
A holistic approach to optical characterizations of vacuum deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film coatings for solar absorbing layers
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of SnO2/In2O3 Atomic Ratio on the Structural and Optical Properties of ITO Thin Filmsof SnO2:In2O3 Thin Film Composite Ratio on Structural and Optical Properties
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In this work, the effect of atomic ratio on structural and optical properties of SnO2/In2O3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique under vacuum and annealed at 573K in air has been studied.  Atomic ratios from 0 to 100% have been used. X-ray diffraction analysis has been utilized to study the effect of atomic ratios on the phase change using XRD analyzer and the crystalline size and the lattice strain using Williamson-Hall relationship. It has been found that the ratio of 50% has the lowest crystallite size, which corresponds to the highest strain in the lattice. The energy gap has increased as the atomic ratio of indium oxide increased.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2025
Journal Name
Theory And Practice In Language Studies
A Socio-Pragmatic Study of Profanity and Derogatory Words in Doja Cat’s Songs: A Corpus-Based Study
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Rap songs often feature artists who utilize explicit language to convey feelings such as happiness, sorrow, and anger, reflecting audience expectations and trends within the music industry. This study intends to conduct a socio-pragmatic analysis of explicit, derogatory, and offensive language in the songs of the American artist Doja Cat, employing Hughes’ (1996) Swearing Word Theory, Jay’s (1996) Taboo Words Theory, Luhr’s (2002) classification of social factors for sociolinguistic examination, Salager’s (1997) categories of hedges for pragmatic assessment, and Austin’s (1965, 1989) theory of speech acts. The researchers collected the data using the AntConc corpus analysis tool. The data shows the singer’s frequent use

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 13 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Optical properties for prepared polyaniline / Ferro fluid nano composites
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Pure nano Ferro fluid was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The composite of polyaniline with nano sized Ferro fluid was prepared by In-situ–chemical oxidation polymerization method with ammonium per sulphate as an oxidant in aqueous hydrochloric acid under constant stirring at room temperature. The optical properties, absorption, transmission, optical energy gap (Eg) and optical constant refractive index (n) have been investigated. The value of the Eg decreased with increasing Ferro fluid concentration.

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 19 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Study of the impact of foreign direct investment in the Iraqi tax system using the factorial analysis: (principal components)
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The tax system, like any other system, as a set of elements and parts that complement each other and are interrelated and interact to achieve specific goals, and is a natural  reflection of the economic, social and political conditions prevailing in society, and therefore the objectives of tax policy formulated in line with the objectives of economic policy in general, which means that any change in economic policy clearly affects fiscal policy measures and fiscal policy in particular.

The problem of searching for the impact of foreign direct investment in the Iraqi tax system was focused on the study  the of foreign direct investment and therole played in developing and improving the economic reality and its implicatio

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Minar International Journal Of Applied Sciences And Technology
Electron density spectroscopic measurement in Al laser induced plasma
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Plasma generated by a 1064 nm pulsed Nd: YAG laser with pulse duration of 10 ns concentrated onto an Al solid target under vacuum pressure was examined spectroscopically. The temperature and electron density specifying the plasma were measured by time-resolved spectroscopy of neutral atom and ion line emissions in the time period range of 300–2000 ns. An echelle spectrograph is utilized to appear the plasma emission lines. The temperature was obtained using the spectral line comparison method and the electron density was calculated using the Stark Broadening (SB) method. The electron density was characterized as a function of laser pulse energy. The time range where the plasma is optically thin and is also in local thermodynamic equilibri

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