The duration of sunshine is one of the important indicators and one of the variables for measuring the amount of solar radiation collected in a particular area. Duration of solar brightness has been used to study atmospheric energy balance, sustainable development, ecosystem evolution and climate change. Predicting the average values of sunshine duration (SD) for Duhok city, Iraq on a daily basis using the approach of artificial neural network (ANN) is the focus of this paper. Many different ANN models with different input variables were used in the prediction processes. The daily average of the month, average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, cloud level and atmospheric pressure were used as input parameters in order to obtain the daily average of sunshine duration (SD) as the output. The eight-year data were divided into two categories. The first category covers whole years (annually) and the second category is seasonal. To recognize and assess the influence of different input parameters on sunshine duration, six models of ANN have been evolved. The findings showed that in the annual models, the outcomes of RMSE, MAE and R for the model with input parameters (Month, Cloud Level and Average Temperature) were the best results 1.82, 1.175 and 0.89, respectively. As for the season models, the outcomes of RMSE, MAE and R for the autumn season were the best results 1.450, 1.009 and 0.94, respectively. Accordingly, the performance of the artificial neural network is considerably effective in predicting the sunshine duration.
New N2O2 donor kind Schiff basehas been destined and structured by reaction Ampyrone with O-hydroxyacetophenone and Anthranilic acid. The metal complexes of the Schiff base with Mn(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) metal ions were designed and characterized by magnetic susceptibility, elemental analyses, molar conduction, IR, and 1H NMR,UV-Vis spectral metrics.The UV-Vis. and magnetic susceptibility data of the complexes suggest a square-planar, tetrahedraland octahedral geometries around the central metal ions. All elaborations were accomplished after determination the optimum molar concentration and pH which followed law of Lambert-Beer's in the researches pH scopes. The composition of these complexes were conclude dapprobating to t
... Show MoreBreast cancer is the second most common cancer in women world. Multiple Cytokines appear to have a dominant role in human breast cancer formation. Estimation of the in situ expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in breast cancer patients. A sixty patients with breast cancer BC were divided into two clinical subgroups, (30) with malignant breast cancer MBC and (30) with benign breast tumor as a control group according to histological examination. In situ hybridization technique used for detection of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA sequence in two groups. The results showed that percentages of mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-1β were in (≥ 11-50%) for malignant breast cancer. This research also investigated that (73.3%) of beni
... Show MoreTaking into account the significance of food chains in the environment, it demonstrates the interdependence of all living things and has economic implications for people. Hunting cooperation, fear, and intraspecific competition are all included in a food chain model that has been developed and researched. The study tries to comprehend how these elements affect the behavior of species along the food chain. We first examined the suggested model's solution properties before calculating every potential equilibrium point and examining the stability and bifurcation nearby. We have identified the factors that guarantee the global stability of the positive equilibrium point using the geometric approach. Additionally, the circumstances that would gu
... Show MoreChlopheniramine maleate ( CPM ) , is one of the H- receptor antagonist , widely used in allergic diseases ,like skin rash and pruritis .CPM 3%w/w was successfully loaded in 2%w/w sodium alginate (SA) as a gel base , and to be considered as a selected formula .It was found that the diffusion of CPM through the skin of albino rat was increased as the concentration of CPM increased from 2 %w/w sodium alginate , More
... Show MoreAbstract: Despite the distinct features of the continuous wave (CW) Terahertz (THz) emitter using photomixing technique, it suffers from the relatively low radiation output power. Therefore, one of effective ways to improve the photomixer emitter performance was using nanodimensions electrodes inside the optical active region of the device. Due to the nanodimension sizes and good electrical conductivity of silver nanowires (Ag-NWs), they have been exploited as THz emitter electrodes. The excited surface plasmon polariton waves (SPPs) on the surface of nanowire enhances the incident excitation signal. Therefore, the photomixer based Ag-NW compared to conventional one significantly exhibits higher THz output signal. In thi
... Show MoreThis study introduces a series of single and pile group model tests subjected to lateral loads in . multilayered sand from Karbala, Iraq. The aim of this study is to investigate: the performance of the pile groups subjected to lateral loads; in which the pile batter inclination angle is changed; the effect of pile spacing (s/d) ratio, the influence of using different number of piles and pile group configuration. Results revealed that the performance of single negative (Reverse) Battered piles with inclination of 10° and 20° show a gain of 32% and 76 % in the ultimate lateral capacity over the regular ones. For pile groups, the use of a combination of regular, negative and positive battered piles in
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الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيد الأنبياء والمرسلين نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وعلى واصحابه أجمعين ومن تبعهم وأهتدى بهداهم الى يوم الدين اما بعد :
فوظيفة القضاء وظيفة سامية يراد منها اقامة العدل ولا يستقيم حالهم الا به دفعاّ للظلم ، ولقد اولى النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ومن بعده الخلفاء الراشدون
... Show MoreThe organization uses many techniques and methods to ensure that they will succeed and adapted with velocity change in the internal and external environment by decision taking, especially strategic decisions.
Strategic decisions are very important for organization success because it can predict the future and deal with uncertainty, in this circumstances they need accurate and comprehensive information to make effective strategic decision.
To achieve that purpose it must owned successful Strategic Information System ( SIS ) and determined the critical success factors for this system ,which can assisted the worker to focus on the important activities to develop it.
... Show MoreAn agricultural waste (walnut shell) was undertaken to remove Cu(II) from aqueous solutions in batch and continuous fluidized bed processes. Walnut shell was found to be effective in batch reaching 75.55% at 20 and 200 rpm, when pH of the solution adjusted to 7. The equilibrium was achieved after 6 h of contacting time. The maximum uptake was 11.94mg/g. The isotherm models indicated that the highest determination coefficient belongs to Langmuir model. Cu (II) uptake process in kinetic rate model followed the pseudo-second-order with determination coefficient of 0.9972. More than 95% of the Cu(II) were adsorbed on the walnut shells within 6 h at optimum agitation speed of 800 rpm. The main functional groups responsible for biosorption of
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