In this study, pure SnO₂ Nanoparticles doped with Cu were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method. Using SnCl₂.2H₂O, CuCl₂.2H₂O as raw materials, the materials were annealed at 550°C for 3 hours in order to improve crystallization. The XRD results showed that the samples crystallized in the tetragonal rutile type SnO₂ stage. As the average SnO₂ crystal size is pure 9nm and varies with the change of Cu doping (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%),( 8.35, 8.36, 8.67, 9 ,7, 8.86)nm respectively an increase in crystal size to 2.5% decreases at this rate and that the crystal of SnO₂ does not change with the introduction of Cu, and S

لقد أدت التطورات العلمية والتقنية وتطبيقاتها العملية في مختلف ميادين الحياة بشكل عام وميدان التربية والتعليم بشكل خاص إلى ظهور تغيرات في البناء التعليمي وطرائق التدريس بصيغتها الحديثة التي تنسجم في مجملها وروح العصر مما دعى المؤسسات التربوية والتعليمية وبإيعاز إلى الباحثين والمهتمين بهذا الميدان الى ضرورة متابعة الاتجاهات الحديثة ونواحي التجديد لمحتوى العملية التعليمية فيما يتعلق بالمجالات المعر

In this article, the influence of group nano transition metal oxides such as {(MnO₂), (Fe₂O₃) and (CuO)} thin films on the (ZnO-TiO2) electric characteristics have been analyzed. The prepared films deposited on glass substrate laser Nd-YAG with wavelength (ℷ =1064 nm) ,energy of (800mJ) and number of shots (400). The density of the film was found to be (200 nm) at room temperature (RT) and annealing temperature (573K).Using DC Conductivity and Hall Effect, we obtained the electrical properties of the films. The DC Conductivity shows that that the activation energies decrease while the σRT at annealing temperature with different elements increases the formation of mixed oxides. The Hall effect, the elec

Chekhov is well known and perceived in Arab countries. His stories and plays are very popular. They translated it into Arabic by different translators from different languages of the world Many of his stories require new translation solutions to achieve partial, if not complete, equivalence. Chekhov's works are a very difficult subject to analyze and interpret, which is explained by the fact that Chekhov's collections are constantly republished in foreign languages. It is impossible to preserve in translation all the elements of the original text containing historical and national details but, of course, the reader should have the impression that they represent the historical and national situation. When translating, it makes sense to prese

The techniques of fractional calculus are applied successfully in many branches of science and engineering, one of the techniques is the Elzaki Adomian decomposition method (EADM), which researchers did not study with the fractional derivative of Caputo Fabrizio. This work aims to study the Elzaki Adomian decomposition method (EADM) to solve fractional differential equations with the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative. We presented the algorithm of this method with the CF operator and discussed its convergence by using the method of the Cauchy series then, the method has applied to solve Burger, heat-like, and, couped Burger equations with the Caputo -Fabrizio operator. To conclude the method was convergent and effective for solving this type of

In this work optical window for infrared region was prepared by using Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)material as antireflection coating on ZnSe substrate which covers the atmospheric window 3-5µm. the maximum transition was 97% at a wavelength 0f 4.4µm.

        In this work, analytical study for simulating a Fabry-Perot bistable etalon (F-P cavity) filled with a dispersive optimized nonlinear optical material (Kerr type) such as semiconductors Indium Antimonide (InSb). Because of a trade off between the etalon finesse values and driving terms, an optimization procedures have been done on the InSb etalon/CO laser parameters, using critical switching irradiance (I_c) via simulation systems of optimization procedures of optical cavity. in order to achieve the  minimum switching power and faster switching time, the optimization parameters of the finesse values and driving terms on optical bistability and switching dynamics must be studied.

In this research, a sensor for chemical solutions was designed and formed using optical fiber-based on a surface Plasmon resonance technology. A single-mode optical fiber with three different diameters (25, 45 and 65) µm was used, respectively.  The second layer of the low refractive fiber was replaced by gold, which was electrically deposited at 40 µm thickness. For each of the three types of optical fiber, different saline concentrations (different index of refraction) were used to evaluate the performance of the refractive index sensor (chemical sensor) by measuring its sensitivity and resolutions. The highest values we could get for these two parameters were 240mm/RIU, and 6*10^-5 RIU respectively, when the diameter of a

The effect of the concentration of the colloidal nanomaterial on their optical limiting behavior is reported in this paper. The colloids of sliver nanoparticles in deionized water were chemically prepared for the two concentrations (31 ppm and 11ppm). Two cw lasers (473 nm Blue DPSS laser and 532 nm Nd:YAG laser) are used to compare the optical limiting performance for the samples. UV–visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) were used to obtain the characteristics of the sample. The nonlinear refractive index was calculated to be in the order of 10-9 cm2/W. The results demonstrate that the observed limiting response is significant for 532nm. In addition, t