This work describes an experimental setup to evaluate the photodynamictoxicity of 650 nm diode laser and 532 nm Frequency-doubled Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser on the growth of Candida albicans as well as the potential fungicidal effect when combining the laser irradiation with specific photosensitizers namely methylene blue, toluidine blue, acridine orange and safranin O. In this study the findings showed that the number of colony-forming units per millilitre (CFU/ml) of C. albicans decreased with increasing exposure time. In particular in the case of the frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser combined with safranin O, the best lethal effect occurred at 11 minutes exposure time with 2.26 J/cm² energy density (89.18% reduction) in comparison with the group treated with neither the laser nor with the photosensitizer. Irradiation with the frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser in the presence of acridine orange had less effect in reducing the number of CFU/ml for C. albicans. The highest reduction (85.88%) was achieved with 2.26 J/cm2 energy density at 9 min exposure time. On the other hand, the best performance in the case of diode laser was when combining with methylene blue at 28 minutes exposure and 0.58 w/cm2 power density (45.38%). In the case of diode laser with toluidine blue, the highest reduction of CFU/ml (67.93%) occurred at 35 min at the same power density
Number theorists believe that primes play a central role in Number theory and that solving problems related to primes could lead to the resolution of many other unsolved conjectures, including the prime k-tuples conjecture. This paper aims to demonstrate the existence of this conjecture for admissible k-tuples in a positive proportion. The authors achieved this by refining the methods of “Goldston, Pintz and Yildirim” and “James Maynard” for studying bounded gaps between primes and prime k-tuples. These refinements enabled to overcome the previous limitations and restrictions and to show that for a positive proportion of admissible k-tuples, there is the existence of the prime k-tuples conjecture holding for each “k”. The sig
... Show MoreThe summary:
This research paper presents a standard economic study. This study aims to build an economic standard form of the investment effect in Human Capital on Economic Growth in Algeria. The study showed that there is an inverse relationship between the investment and human capital. This is expressed by expending on education and economic growth. This contradicts with the economic theory. Such matter could be explained by that expending on education does not contribute in the economic growth. This refers to that the education sector result does not employee or save jobs. Thus, it does not contribute in growth; in addition, the Algerian economy depends on petrol in the first class. This means the ab
... Show MoreThe experiment was carried out the study of effect of seed peels of Nigella sativa and Brassica nigra by 5, 10 mg/ kg soil that added them to soil alone and 5, 10 mg/kg soil together on the growth of Cicer arietinum plants. The results showed the increased significantly germination accelerator, plant height, leaves number, branches number, flowers number, legumes number, seed dry mater, carbohydrate and protein percentage in seeds.
An experiment was carried out in the fields that belong to agiriculture college /Baghdad university (AL-Jadyria) according to randomized compeleted blocks design(R.C.B.D.) with three replications during the spring season of 2015 to Study impact of growing point pinching and foliar spraying of whey on some traits of vegetative growth and yield of okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.Moench) AL-Batra local cultivar.The experiment was included six treatments which was pinching or no pinching of growthing point and foliar spraying of whey with three concentration (0%,50%and75%).The results showed that pinching was siginificant in all traits of vegetative growth except plant High where the highest values of branches number , diameter of stem and leafe
... Show MoreThis research was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences during the fall season of 2020 and spring season of 2021 in order to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer and the foliar application of boron on the growth and yield of industrial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Using factorial experiment (5*4) within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates, the organic fertilizer (palm fronds peat) was applied at four levels (0, 12, 24, and 36 ton ha-1) in addition to the treatment of the recommended of chemical fertilizer. The foliar application of Boron was applied at four concentrations which were 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg (H3Bo3). L-1. The results Revealed a significant incr
... Show MoreThe present study aimed to identify the therapeutic evaluation of chitosan extracted from the fungus cushroom and pure chitosan on glucose and lipid profile in the blood of 35 male rabbits with hyperlipidemia induced experimentally by cholesterol. The tests included estimation of glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins. hyperlipidemia was induced in the male rabbits used in the study which was administered orally with cholesterol 150mg/kg body weight for a week. rabbits were divided into seven groups: control, cholesterol, pure chitosan, mushroom chitosan, cholesterol and pure chitosan, cholesterol and mushroom chitosan and cholestero
... Show MoreThe ABO blood group system is highly polymorphic, with more than 20 distinct sub-groups; study findings are usually related to ABO phenotype, but rarely to the ABO genotype and animal models are unsatisfactory because their antigen glycosylation structure is different from humans. Both the ABO and Rh blood group systems have been associated with a number of diseases, but this is more likely related to the presence or absence of these tissue antigens throughout the body and not directly or primarily related to their presence on RBCs. A total of fifty-two 52 patients without complication of DMII, two hundred sixteen 216 patients with complication of DMII and seventy-one 71 person as healthy control were included in the study. The resu
... Show MoreThe study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad in 2022. It aimed to improve the growth of the European black Henbane plant (
Background: Quality of life in brain tumor patients is an emerging issue and has prompted neurosurgeons to recon¬sider the need for cognitive assessment in the course of treatment. To date there has been a lack of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment performed preoperatively and in the acute postoperative period in our hospitals.Objectives: to establish the effects of tumors and their surgical treatment, from a neuropsychological perspective, on cognitive functioning in patients with cerebral Gliomas. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the Neurosurgical Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, during the period from January 1999 to January 2001. Any patient admitted during the period of the study with clinical history, signs, sy
... Show MoreObjective: The study aims to determine the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the
genetic sequence of breast cancer patients in the Medical City Hospital – Tumor Unit /
Iraq-Baghdad.
Methodology: A study was carried out in the City of Medicine / Oncology Unit / Baghdad,
during the period 1st June 2016 to 15
th March 2017. Forty samples of tissue and serum
were collected from patients who complaining from Breast cancer and infected with
Toxoplasmosis. Forty sera samples were taken from patients complaining from parasitic
infection only; without breast cancer as control group. Data is analyzed by using of
descriptive and inferential data analysis methods.
Results: The results show that there is an effe