In this paper Alx Ga1-x As:H films have been prepared by using new deposition method based on combination of flash- thermal evaporation technique. The thickness of our samples was about 300nm. The Al concentration was altered within the 0 x 40.
The results of X- ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the amorphous structure of all AlXGa1-x As:H films with x  40 and annealing temperature (Ta)<200°C. the temperature dependence of the DC conductivity GDC with various Al content has been measured for AlXGa1-x As:H films.
We have found that the thermal activation energy Ea depends of Al content and Ta, thus the value of Ea were approximately equal to half the value of optical gap.

The efficient behavior of a low-concentrating photovoltaic-thermal system with a micro-jet channel (LCPV/T-JET) and booster mirror reflector is experimentally evaluated here. Micro-jets promote the thermal management of PV solar cells by implementing jet water as active cooling, which is still in the early stages of development. The booster mirror reflector concentrates solar irradiance into solar cells and improves the thermal, electrical, and combined efficiencies of the LCPV/T-JET system. The LCPV/T-JET system was tested under ambient weather conditions in the city of Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, and all data was recorded between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Parametric studies were conducted to compare the performance of the LCPV/T-JET system

Forensic accounting (FA) is an important tool in exposing financial manipulation and corruption within institutions, making the role of FA essential in the Iraqi judicial system (IJS). This role suffers from limited implementation due to the lack of specialized legislation and insufficient awareness of its importance. The role of FA in the IJS can be enhanced by enhancing professional training, amending university curricula to include FA, and developing legislation regulating this field. Furthermore, cooperation between courts and the FA should be strengthened to ensure adequate financial evidence (FE) in judicial cases. For example, the experiences of developed countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, demonstrate how FA

This study numerically intends to evaluate the effects of arc-shaped fins on the melting capability of a triplex-tube confinement system filled with phase-change materials (PCMs). In contrast to situations with no fins, where PCM exhibits relatively poor heat response, in this study, the thermal performance is modified using novel arc-shaped fins with various circular angles and orientations compared with traditional rectangular fins. Several inline and staggered layouts are also assessed to maximize the fin’s efficacy. The effect of the nearby natural convection is further investigated by adding a fin to the bottom of the heat-storage domain. Additionally, the Reynolds number and temperature of the heat-transfer fluid (HTF) are e

     The research involved a rapid, automated and highly accurate developed CFIA/MZ technique for estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) in pure, dosage forms and biological sample. This method is based on oxidative coupling reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) with PHE in existence of sodium periodate as oxidizing agent in alkaline medium to form a red colored product at ʎ_max )520 nm (. A flow rate of 4.3 mL.min^-1 using distilled water as a carrier, the method of FIA proved to be as a sensitive and economic analytical tool for estimation of PHE.

Within the concentration range of 5-300 μg.mL^-1, a calibration curve was rectilinear, where the detection limit was 3.252 μg.mL

The paper aims to propose Teaching Learning based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm to solve 3-D packing problem in containers. The objective which can be presented in a mathematical model is optimizing the space usage in a container. Besides the interaction effect between students and teacher, this algorithm also observes the learning process between students in the classroom which does not need any control parameters. Thus, TLBO provides the teachers phase and students phase as its main updating process to find the best solution. More precisely, to validate the algorithm effectiveness, it was implemented in three sample cases. There was small data which had 5 size-types of items with 12 units, medium data which had 10 size-types of items w

Typographic patterns are one of the design elements in commercial advertising for their ability to deliver the message and information to the recipient smoothly and quickly, and it is indicated that there are many different techniques that can use typographic patterns in commercial advertisements, including spacing, spaces between letters, letter height, length, weight, and contrast and this Usage must be studied according to the type of font and how it can be used in advertising campaigns.
Based on the above, the research came to study (employing typographic patterns in commercial advertising design) in which the researcher identified his question for the purpose of reaching a solution to his research problem which is (Is it possible

This research aims to analyze the intellectual and civilizational regression that afflicted Iraqi and Arab society due to political and religious tyranny and internal conflicts, which was reflected in the deterioration of human rights values and the absence of equality and justice in dealing with the other religiously, which affected the reluctance of members of religious groups to interact with their national societies and then migrate to Outside, which contributed to a double loss, in terms of the loss of these societies by productive and effective national competencies, and in terms of distorting the image of Islam. The research stressed that the first treatments of this phenomenon are the consolidation of the values of citize

This research aims at studying the relation between fair value and the Financial Reports Quality  to achieve a number of aims such as :-

1- Throw light on the problems of the measurement that depends on the historic cost as it paves the way towards the method of the fair value in the accounting measurement.

2-Give a general definition for  fair value in the accounting via analyzing the theoretical aspects that relates the subject and the  scientific bases on which the relating accounting treatment depend.

3- Exhibit the characteristics that could be added by the fair value  to the accounting Information .

       The study problem is summarized in that the e

An experiment was carried out in the vegetables field of Horticulture Department / College of Agriculture / Baghdad University , for the three seasons : spring and Autumn of 2005 , and spring of 2007 , to study the type of gene action in some traits of yield and its components in summer squash crosses (4 x 3 = cross 1 , 3 x 7 = cross 2 , 3 x 4 = cross 3 , 3 x 5 = cross 4 , 5 x 1 = cross 5 , 5 x 2 = cross 6). The study followed generation mean analysis method which included to each cross (P1 , P2 , F1 , F2 , Bc1P1 , Bc1P2) , and those populations obtained by hybridization during the first and second seasons. Experimental comparison was performed in the second (Two crosses only) and third seasons , (four crosses) by using RCBD with three repl