The effect of 532nm Diode Pumped Solid State (DPSS) laser at power density of 5.234 W/cm2 on the growth of Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. These bacteria were isolated from samples taken from burn and infected wound areas of 55 patients admitted to the burn-wound unit in Al-Kindy teaching hospital in Baghdad during the period from October 2012 to March 2013. Each isolate was identified using microscopic, cultural and biochemical methods. A standard bacterial suspension was prepared for each isolate. Serial dilutions were then prepared and a dilution of 10-5 was selected. Irradiation experiments included four groups: (L-P-) bacterial suspension in saline solution, (L-P+) bacterial suspension in the presence of 0.1mg/ml photosensitizer (safranin O), (L+P-) bacterial suspension treated with laser radiation only and finally (L+P+) bacterial suspension treated with laser radiation in the presence of the photosensitizer. After irradiation, Cetrimide agar (P. aeruginosa) and Mannitol salt agar (S.aureus) were used. Seven replicates were used for each experimental group. Different times of exposure were applied for irradiated groups. The results revealed that twenty two isolates out of 70 samples were positive for P. aeruginosa (31%) and fifteen isolates out of 35 samples were positive for S. aureus (42%). The combined effect of DPSS laser and safranine O was significantly effective in reducing the number of Colony Forming Units per milliliter (CFU/ml) of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus compared with control groups. Almost a complete bacterial mortality achieved at 25 and 5 minutes of exposing to laser light in the presence of safranin O for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively, suggesting that singlet oxygen (O2*) and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in the killing of the bacteria.
The present study aims at finding out the (effect of the Caroll’s pattern on the second intermediate class pupils' achievement in geography)
The partial experimental design of two groups, experimental and control, with pre-post tests is used. The sample is represented in (74) female pupils. The sample is divided into two groups (38) experimental group and (36) control one. The sample is selected from first intermediate class pupils ( Am Salama Secondary School for girls) \ Baghdad\ Al-karkh-1, for academic year 2015-2016.
The researcher has equalized the two groups in several variables: the previous achievement tests, intelligence, age in months, the scor
... Show MoreIn this study, active knife and fixed knife of single-row disc silage machine has three different clearance C1, C2 and C3 (1, 3 and 5 mm) and it is tried in three different working speed V1, V2 and V3 (1.8, 2.5 and 3.7 km / h) and PTO speed (540 min-1) and machine's fuel consumption (l/h), average power consumption (kW), field energy consumption (kW/da), product energy consumption (kW/t), field working capacity (da/h), product working capacity (t/h) and Chopping size distribution characteristics of the fragmented material were determined. It has been found that knife-counter knife clearances smaller than 3 mm (1 mm) and larger (5 mm) have a negative effect on machine performance in general. In terms of fuel and power consumptions, the m
... Show MoreCountries have faced the challenges of high levels of public debt and seek to define the optimum limits to reduce risks to which the financial system can be exposed and its impact on the economy as a whole. Hence the importance of research in studying the impact of internal and external public debt components on indicators of stability of the financial system for the period 2005-2017 for the purpose of knowing the extent of the financial stability indicators response to the high level of the public debt from its optimum ratio, as the aim of the research is to estimate and analyze the dynamic relationship of short and long term between the components of public debt and indicators of financial stability using the (ARDL) model that
... Show MoreThe research aims to find out the impact of wages and benefits systems on the performance of employees, which included the research community on a sample of employees in the company, and the sample consisted of (50) employees and an employee, A questionnaire composed as prepared (23) paragraph, use the promised statistically methods in data collected by the questionnaire analysis. The research reached a number of results, the most prominent of which were: There is a correlation between wage systems, benefits and performance of employees, and the presence of the impact of the systems of wages and benefits to the performance of employees. The research was presented a set of recommendations including: increasing the effectiveness of
... Show MoreThis study evaluated the influence of administering different levels of L-arginine into eggs of 0-day-old Japanese quail embryos. On day 0 of incubation, 480 eggs (120 for each treatment group) were injected with 0% arginine (C group), 1% arginine (T1), 2% arginine (T2) or 3% arginine (T3). After hatching, 336 quail chicks (84 chicks produced from each in ovo injection treatment) were placed in an experimental quail house and allocated to four treatment groups of three replicates, with 16 quail chicks for each replicate. Traits involved in this study were hatchability rate, initial body weight (7 days of age), final body weight (42 days old), feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and blood serum glucose, protein, cholesterol, tota
... Show MoreWheat is rich in sources of fiber, oligosaccharides, and resistant starch, simple carbohydrates which may have a protective role against carcinoma. Additionally, Whole wheat/bran as well includes contains phytochemicals such as flavonoids, lignans, folate, phytosterols, phenolic acids, and tocols. The above phytochemicals suitable forms antioxidant and cholesterol-reducing activities. Phytoestrogens are regarded as especially essential in the preventative measures of hormonally dependent malignancies such as breast cancer (BC). In this study lowered BC risk has been associated with whole grain/bran consumption with an odds ratio (OR=0.24 and 95 %CI=0.10-0.56). Wheat/bran appears to have a reliable protective impact against BC. While intake
... Show MoreXanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines (Xag) is a pathogen that causes pustule disease in soybeans. Many
techniques for controlling this disease have been widely developed, one of which is the use of biological agents.
Bacillus sp. from the soybean phyllosphere is a biological agent that has the potential to suppress the
development of pustule disease. One of the biological control mechanisms is through biochemical induction
of plant resistance which includes the accumulation of phenols, salicylic acid compounds, and peroxidase
enzymes. Bacillus subtilis JB12 and Bacillus velezensis ST32 are two bacteria isolated from the soybean
phyllosphere which have previously been known to suppress Xag through an anti
Nowadays, university education stands in front of both students who feel they are weak and teachers who are addicted to using traditional and dependent teaching. This has led to have negative repercussions on the learner from different aspects, including the mental aspect and the academic achievement process. Therefore, the present research is concerned with finding a new teaching method that adopts the motivation by the fear of failure technique. Thus, the study aims to examine the effect of adopting this method on students’ academic achievement. To achieve this aim, an experimental method was used, and an achievement test was built for the curriculum material of level two students. The pretest test was applied on 17 male and female s
... Show MoreIn this research the Empirical Bayes method is used to Estimate the affiliation parameter in the clinical trials and then we compare this with the Moment Estimates for this parameter using Monte Carlo stimulation , we assumed that the distribution of the observation is binomial distribution while the distribution with the unknown random parameters is beta distribution ,finally we conclude that the Empirical bayes method for the random affiliation parameter is efficient using Mean Squares Error (MSE) and for different Sample size .